Business proposal letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business proposal letter - Essay Example ng light regarding the concerns about the practical aspects of Constitution of the United States of America.   This declaration is the supreme legal authority of the US and confers the kinds of privileges that the people of the US could enjoy within the ambit of the law. There have been twenty seven Amendments to this Constitution, the first ten of these amendments now being known as the Bill of Rights. Perhaps, one of the main objectives that the drafters of the world’s oldest and shortest written Constitution had in mind while drafting has undoubtedly been the protection and safeguard of the prerogatives and rights of the people of the country, perhaps against authoritarian administration and the potential threat of infringement of individual rights as autonomous citizens of a free and sovereign State.   Paradoxically, however, there has been no mention of the word ’slavery’ anywhere in the US Constitution, although its ominous portent is one of the fundamental motives of the framing and enunciation of the American Constitution.   The American Constitution is subdivided into three parts- Executive, Legislative and Judicial. They have their roles and responsibilities carved out and more often than not, there is no overlapping, or transgression between these three constituent divisions. The political process, including appointment of Presidents and other important matters require the approval of Senate too. Perhaps the farsightedness of the crafters of the American Constitution is now evident. â€Å"When viewed through the lens of the twenty first century, the creation of a durable, democratic nation among thirteen disparate and far flung sovereign states assumes an aura of inevitability.† (Beeman). A research study of this genre in the realms of American Constitutional laws is as interesting and absorbing as it is challenging. This research would fundamentally seek to convey the modern views and perspectives on an important piece of constitutional laws,

Budget Management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Budget Management - Article Example s and challenges in the wake of the budget management realms would entirely focus on how well I shape up the different avenues of growth and development within the community college and how well my role has been defined as per the budget considerations. The benefits that would be gained out of the budgetary discussions are manifolds. The administration would know in an adequate manner where the finances are being spent and who is liable for these costs (Wiersma, 2011). The staff would know how much is being used for what activity or task. The faculty would know what to expect out of the entire budget allocation debates and what their share would be, and the institution would know what kind of attention it is being given at the hands of the stakeholders in the long range scheme of things. A greater role of success would therefore be achieved if my incorporation is made mandatory and this is what I will bank upon in the coming

Acceptance of Violence in TV and Media

Acceptance of Violence in TV and Media The development of technology such as television, internet and radio, has led us to an important understanding of the surroundings in which we live in, surroundings which are mostly represented by the media, to an audience. As members of this media audience we are being constantly flooded with the notion of crime and violence by the use of technology. The notion of news is travelling very fast and it is present in every household with access to technology, and the media prioritise crime and violence as their central theme and broadcast it in order to attract a larger audience (Newburn, 2007). MacDougall (1968:12) states that ‘At any given moment billions of simultaneous events occur throughout the world†¦ All of these occurrences are potentially news. They do not become so until some purveyor of news gives an account of them. The news, in other words, is the account of the event, not something intrinsic in the event itself’ Thinking of the simple fact that when people watch television, there is always a slight chance that the channel they are watching will present a violent act, making people think that the media is a very powerful influence upon crime and violence (Potter, 2003). However, the media producers, in response to the public’s voice, claim that violence on television is just a reflection of the violence that occurs in society. Although it is perceived as being overrated and altering the reality, violence in the media is claimed by the producers as being just a response to the demand of it (Potter, 2003). Taking into consideration the last argument, the question ‘Why do people accept and enjoy watching violence in the media?’ arouses. It can relate to the fact that most media audiences are drawn into violent imagery just because it challenges their imagination, as in the case of video games. On the other hand it may presume just the simple notion of fitting in with the character and experiencing a fantasy of their own (Goldstein, 1998). Furthermore there are three main theories that I will be focusing on in order to reach for an answer to the question ‘Why people enjoy watching violent representations in the media?’, and these theories are based on the psychoanalytical approach, transgression or carnivalesque approach, and the sociological approach. A popular belief is that audiences are drawn into attending movies by their misleading or altered advertising campaigns. Producers often refer to a film as reaching out to their audience by these campaigns, and it stands in the hand of the producers how they represent these campaigns to a specific audience (Turner, 1999). It is also a fact that millions and millions are spent on publicity and advertising for new movies, but it is not always the case that the audience is drawn into them. Getting in touch with the audience is the hardest part for producers and it is only made through careful planning and exposure of the new production in such manner that the audience will react in a positive way (Turner, 1999). Metz (1982) described his experience as a member of the cinema as seeing the audience trying to reach out in the action of the movie, becoming part of it. To have a better understanding of how audiences confront with the thin line between reality and imaginary, we need to have a better focus at the unconscious level and its process of watching a production. By taking a closer look at the psychoanalytical approach, mostly interested in dreams, there is a correlation between film and dreams that offers a new perspective to researchers for the Freudian theories and the way in which the unconscious works (Turner, 1999). Metz (1982) stated that the boundary between reality and imaginary is fading away for the audience, and the gap between these two has been described by Freud as â€Å"the location of desire† and it is covered by media productions (Turner, 1999:131). The psychoanalytical approach emphasizes on the notion of ‘look’ upon the audience, audience which is also referred as ‘the spectator’ (Turner, 1999:131). This notion takes a very much influence within the Freudian and post-Freudian theory as it stands in the individual’s power to self-define him and establish a certain relation with the surroundings. Based on this notion, therefore the audience is not only performing the action of viewing, but they also get caught within the story of the media production and inflict certain values and strengths, which make them accountable for a position of power. This position of power is described by Freudian theory as being one such of a position of a voyeur, which in other terms ‘†makes an object of† those caught unwittingly in the power of his gaze’ (Turner, 1999:131). Graeme Turner (1999) argues that we as human beings we always identify within characters that we see on the screen, such as heroes or heroines, in order to feel self-accomplished. The psychoanalytical approach identifies two main categories of audiences, first category being argued by Metz (1982) as being the simple identification with the notion of cinema, seeking out the mystery revealed by the screen. For the second category, Metz (1982) argues that the cinema stresses out the viewer’s perception with the vision of the camera. Based on these arguments, the audience finds itself in a position of confusion and distortion between reality and imaginary, as the media tends to influence their behaviour in society in such manner that they establish an audience-media relationship (Turner, 1999). Laura Mulvey (1975) argued that in relation to violent representations of crime and the psychoanalytical approach, the media is shaped around the principles of narcissism and voyeurism. Mulvey (1975) also believed that these two principles are main feature for the film industry in order to establish the audience-media relationship. The psychoanalytical approach also established a connection of human sexuality to the notion audience-media relationship. Media productions also focused on the revealing of the female body and using it as a tool, whilst the male viewer is thought to be central to the notion of spectator. Violent representation in the media appears in many ways, and the media has always been taken for granted as a source of trust by presenting their stories and revealing the true nature of the environment. By the simple method of how media releases their stories, part of the audience does not take into consideration the fact that these stories react at an unconscious level and sometimes violent representations can lead to instigation. The media is a powerful tool that by using the right set of words and images can alter the audience into believing what they want them to believe. People choose to watch violence in the media, not as a source of comfort, but most of the times as a precaution to have a better understanding of the society in which they live in and to know how to behave or react (Goldstein, 1998). It is up to every individual how he reacts to the set of imagery and words, although the media is already offering a certain perspective. Jeffrey Goldstein (1998) stated that ‘An undeniable characteristic of violent imagery is its emotional wallop. It gives most people a jolt.’ (Goldstein, 1998:216). Based on this argument, the notion of violence for some audience represents a part of interest, an incentive. Not only that it reacts as an incentive, but audiences that enjoy violent representation, according to Goldstein (1998), emphasize a great understanding in their own personal lives the notion of violence. For some it might be just the fact of seeking the thrill of experiencing the good guy or bad guy experience. On the other hand the joy of watching violent representations of crime might be expressed as ‘an outcome of the â€Å"civilizing process†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Elias, N., Dunning, E. cited in Goldstein, 1998:217), outcome that stands between the lack of opportunity and real life experience. . Violence in the media appears in a more exciting way for others, thus the attraction for violent imager y results as desire to overcome their state of mind. Moving on to the sociological approach in order to explain the desire to watch violence in the media, we take into consideration the work of Stuart Hall (1973), who sought the media as a challenge and tried to expose a new theory about how the production is made, how it is broadcasted and how it is absorbed by the audience. In short terms he explains the process of encoding and decoding of messages and images. Stuart Hall (1973) explains that the media-audience relationship works through the help of the sender, the message and the receiver. He argues that the media creates his own message and sends it across to the audience, but the audience itself might not perceive the transparent message that should be received. Martin Innes (2004) developed a social understanding of the signs and sign system of risk perception, also referred as â€Å"signal crimes†, and it focuses on the way people interpret and define threats to their security. Mass media is a useful tool in analysing the signal crime methodology, as it provides information in how certain news can shape critical events into signal crimes (Innes, 2004). The central idea of the signal crimes perspective is that every person is entitled perceive their own understanding of crime, thus violence in the media occurs as a criminogenic risk. â€Å"The [media violence] debate has been profoundly masculine in orientation. One of the most significant challenges of the future is to shift the terms of debate away from the dominant, but limiting, models of free speech and censorship, which derive from masculine ideas of aggressive journalistic realism on the one hand and of paternalistic protectionism on the other†(Cunningham, 1992:71). Media takes an important place in our lives, as it constantly providing us public culture, although in terms of violence it might be in some cases risk aware, or if it just only to satisfy ourselves by stepping out of the boundaries of reality ( Carter, 2003). Taking for instance the news industry, it is their number one priority to sell violence and keep it on the front page of their newspapers or on television. The question that arouses on these premises is why do violence sells? Most of the times the audience’s perception lies in the factor of security and integrity, therefore the notion of violence for them stands in terms of their own security, how safe they feel in their private home or in the street (Carter, 2003). The carnivalesque or transgression approach has its roots in Mikhail Bakhtin’s (1941) theory as he describes it as a speech-genre that manifests across different cultural grounds, especially in carnival. He describes a carnival as being a pass for everything, where audiences and actors takes place with no difference aside them. Also the notion of carnival was stripping people of rank, thus making everyone participating with equal status, boundaries between rich and poor disappearing. The whole purpose of the carnival was to allow people to express thoughts and creativity in a free manner (Bakhtin, 1941). Following these arguments, we can perceive media as being the central theme in terms of the carnival, however audiences participating only as audiences. By the representation of violence in the media, taking into account Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnivalesque, we can also consider that media is an instigation to push our limits and exceed the normal routine by joinin g their own â€Å"carnival†. Media is considered to be a useful tool in mass control, by sending out transparent messages, by instigating people or by simply revealing the society itself. In other cases, like videogames, the audience is drawn into violence as it offers a source of impersonation by taking the place of a bad guy or good guy and seeking justice and adventure by committing violent acts. It can relate to the fact that videogames fill the gap between place of desire and reality, as it also offers a sense of strength and puts the individuals in a place of complete control and power (Carter, 2003). As with the development of technology, people are drawn into films that include violence as it offers a different understanding of the social surrounding and that is with the help of special effects. Looking at horror movies or science fiction movies, special effects play an important part to the media-violence-audience effect. It is recognised that the acts of grotesque that appear on screen are unacceptable , but however that is what people are drawn into, too see the world with different eyes (Carter, 2003).

The Function of Desire in Relationships Between a Man and a Youth Essay

The structure and function of different types of sexual relationships were an important part of Athenian culture, and many rules and traditions formed around these relationships based on the mores of society. The male citizens were considered the most important segment of the population, and many Greek writers address the cultural conventions, ideals, and beliefs that formed around these relationships. The three main types of sexual relationships that involved a male citizen are marriage, the relationship between a young man and an older mentor, and sexual encounters with prostitutes. Plato’s Symposium, a dialog on the nature of love and desire, describes many of the beliefs that Athenians held, especially about the relationship between a man and a youth. The main focus of this paper is the ideal function and place of desire in these male with male relationships, and the benefits this particular bond held for society. The socially accepted structure of these relationships between an Athenian man and youth was characterized by pursuit and courtship on the part of the man. He was to go after an attractive youth, hoping to make him his beloved [eromenos]. The older man was expected to be the aggressive partner, pursuing the youth out of his erotic desire. In turn, the beloved was expected to be the passive partner, rejecting the man’s advances for a respectable amount of time, and then to enter the relationship to gain the older man as a mentor, not as a sexual partner. This aggressive man and passive youth structure continued into sexual acts, with the older male acting as the dominant, penetrating partner, while the younger man was the passive receptive partner. According to cultural rules, however, it was considered emascul... ...in parentage of any children the wife might give birth to after this time. In the realm of politics, a failure to serve or to fulfill ones duties was also a stain on the honor of the household and family- it is portrayed as much more public than the ideal private bond between lover and beloved. This manifestation of Celestial love benefited both the lover and beloved, as well as serving society by creating a strong bond that was characterized by its honor and virtue. This bond generated the most powerful form of loyalty a citizen man would experience, and he believes that more than any other loyalty, this love would make men honorable in battle, politics, and business in order to make their beloved proud. In turn, the beloved sought to learn form his mentor in order to become an honorable citizen and individual, eventually passing these values on to his own beloved.

Should Society Act Now to Forestall Global Warming

Global warming is not a new concept; we attribute this to â€Å"greenhouse gas† emissions. We see the effects of greenhouse gases on the environment as each year passes. It is assumed that the Earth will continue to warm as time goes on. Do we need to do something about this now or should we do nothing? There are issues to be considered including, â€Å"If we do something about it, who will pay for the changes, and by changing things will we create more problems? † Some people are ready to address these issues now and others are arguing that it may be best to do nothing, according to how much cost will be incurred in finding solutions. We will look at opinions from experts in an attempt to reach a conclusion, although I personally feel the world will benefit by slowing down our use of fossil fuels, enacting an increase in reusing everything we can in order to eliminate waste and clean up our environment in response to so many years ignoring a potential problem. Global warming is a threat now and will continue to worsen. Scientists have known for more than a century that carbon dioxide and other â€Å"greenhouse gases† (including water vapor, methane and chlorofluorocarbons) prevent heat from escaping the Earth’s atmosphere. Since the industrial age, it has been concluded that fossil fuels have provided power for these operations, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Further calculations indicate that as the climate continues to warm, more carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere by human population and the use of fuel emissions released. (2) As a result, soil will become dry, more forest fires will occur, plant pests will increasingly multiply, and seabed’s methane will be released, creating a â€Å"runaway greenhouse effect. (2) As predicted by Jeremy Legget in â€Å"Global Warming: The Worst Case,† polar ice caps may melt, raising the sea level enough to allow further contamination of the Earth. The ongoing disruption of the Earth’s climate by man-made† greenhouse gases† is already well beyond dangerous. According to John Eades: Over the last several decades, data on temperature, etc. have been collected by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) from 17,000 identical land weather stations and 10 meteorological satellites, as well as from many research ships on data gathering cruises. Overall, the change in the 20th century is +0. 85K. There have been constant periods in 1910 and 1940-1970. According to Eades, this increase in such a short time frame, as compared to the 4. 5K peak-to-peak swings between ice ages and interglacial periods, warrants some sort of explanation. He works to calculate the difference in temperature change including anthropogenic effects as well as the constancy of temperature during the 1910’s and the period from 1940-1970, in order to make a reasonable estimate of future temperatures and other climatic features. He uses the Black Body concept to determine absorption and emission of radiation to explain the relationship of the Earth to the Sun. He states the Sun is the Black Body absorber and the Earth is a reflective power. He further calculates the mean equilibrium temperature of the Earth by using a formula to explain how anthropogenic properties affect the temperature change (in essence, non-natural â€Å"greenhouse gases emissions†). He states that, â€Å"Were there no GHG’s the atmosphere would be perfectly transparent, the surface would remain at the mean temperature and we would simultaneously freeze and starve to death. The purpose of the study shows a difference between the mean temperature of the Earth and what is calculated by adding the presence of GHG’s in the atmosphere since the Industrial Age. Mr. Eades hypothesizes that increased use of fossil fuels will lead to atmospheric demise. (2) After much calculation, he makes it apparent that a rebalance will affect change for benefit, yet we may already be too late. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced that 2005 and 2010 are the warmest years in the temperature record. Under midrange projections for economic growth and technological change, the average urface temperature in 2050 will be about 2 degrees C higher than the preindustrial age value. It’s been determined that Earth was warm 130,000 years ago, and the sea level was 4 to 6 times higher than now. Al Gore has raised awareness of Global Warming through his documentary, â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth. † Within this documentary are the 2007 reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. With the U. S. moving forward in taking steps to eliminate most man-made CO2 levels, other countries are concerned about their own economic growth. China and India have created advisory and policy bodies at top governmental levels to deal with climate and energy issues. Brazil is also working to better enforce national deforestation laws. On November 15, President Barack Obama proposed rules requiring large industries to use the â€Å"best available control technology† to limit the U. S. â€Å"greenhouse gases† emission. (8) The International Panel on Climate Change, (the IPCC) meets every few years to review the latest scientific findings and write reports summarizing global warming finds. Most â€Å"greenhouse gases† emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels incinerations, factories and electricity production. (7) The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide (CO2). Other contributors include methane from landfills, agriculture, nitrous oxide, gases for refrigeration, and industrial processes, and loss of forests which would otherwise store CO2. Since 1990, yearly emissions have gone up by about 6 million metric tons of †carbon dioxide equivalent† worldwide, more than a 20% increase. The IPCC â€Å"predicts a global temperature rise of 1. 4 degrees and 5. degrees C by 2100. (3) Predictably mass amount of agriculturally productive land will be destroyed, entire regions will disappear under rapid sea-level rise, and entire regions in arid subtropics will be uninhabitable. † Through all of the expert’s findings and reports, the conclusion seems to be that â€Å"greenhouse gases† are the cause of increased CO2 in our atmosphere. The bigger concern seems to be the cost needed to lower the amount of non-natural emissions, and who will pay the cost for conversion. Additionally, will it be enough change to be effective after billions have been spent? Munich Re, the world’s largest reinsurer, calculates the cost to be more than $300 billion a year by 2050, while the IPCC estimates on the low end of $280 billion a year. (3) Bjorn Lomborg, a statistician from Denmark, suggests in his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, â€Å"by crude and selective cost-benefit analysis the cheapest option is to maintain economic growth and adapt to the impacts. † Fred Singer argues that â€Å"the global warming issue is incorrect as the climate is not warming as it should according to the models† used to calculate such differences. He says the satellite information does not include cooling the climate by clouds in the atmosphere and that clouds cool the climate rather than warm it. (3) Since this factor is left out of the calculation, he seasons that we should do nothing to rectify global warming at this point. He also argues that situating satellites in space is a waste of money and that money could be better spent on the factors at hand and less on satellite installation. According to Singer, â€Å"$2 billion a year is spent on climate research†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦which allows more scientists to get on the bandwagon so they can get money from the research program. He suggests Kyoto Protocol is incorrect in attempting to sequester all CO2 as it is good for the atmosphere and makes plants grow abundantly faster. Several people insist on more research before anyone can begin to plan a proper response. Richard B. Stewart and Jonathan B. Wiener, in â€Å"Practical Climate Change Policy; Issues in Science and Technology (Winter, 2004) declare, â€Å"It’s time for a new pragmatic approach,† meaning a new approach with more emphasis on costs and benefits. Fred Krupp, President of Environmental Defense, in â€Å"Global Warming and the USA; Vital Speeches of the Day† (April 15, 2003) recommends a market-based method to finding and developing innovative approaches. (3) At this point, 126 countries have adopted the Kyoto Protocol. President George W. Bush refused to honor U. S. commitments claiming that, â€Å"reducing carbon emissions would be too costly for the U. S. economy. † He said, â€Å"We’re going to put the interests of our own country first and foremost. † If the U. S. continues to refuse to comply with the Kyoto Protocol, it will have serious ramifications of U.  S. Corporations engaged in international business. The bottom line would be loss of revenue and a deeper recession for the U. S. According to a Christian Science Monitor Article, the United Nations announced recently that it would finance an independent review of the IPCC, which faces accusations of scientific misinformation and potential conflicts of interest. On December 4, 2009, Peter N. Spotts reports that some E-mails of several climate researchers were hacked. This calls for greater transparency in the UN body that provides governments with scientific advice on global warming. Some have called this issue, â€Å"Climategate† and concerns around 1,000 E-mails and files leaked or hacked from computers at the University of East Anglia’s Climatic Research Unit in Britain. (6) Some of the E-mails depict a small, influential group of scientists – several of whom did work concerning global temperature trends over the past 1500 years in an effort to prevent skeptics of their r work from gaining access to raw data. Other E-mails suggest some researchers manipulated data and tried to block publication of papers that called their work into question. One E-mail urges colleagues to destroy E-mails related to work on the 2007 IPCC reports on global warming. In Washington, the Republican Party sent a letter to the U. S. EPA on December 2, 2010 requesting the agency back off of trying to regulate carbon dioxide emissions under the Clean Air Act until it can show that, â€Å"the data’s integrity underlying these regulatory decisions had not been compromised. † Each of the resources used seem to try and sway public opinion for or against working to find solutions and/or spending money to that end. While most all of the information appears to be exactly correct, some opinions are uneducated guesses. In light of the E-mail hackings, one has to question the accuracy of all reports, which started the controversy. While all can see an increase in â€Å"greenhouse gases† emissions, it seems there can be no agreement as to whether anyone should actually â€Å"do† anything about these occurrences and findings. Some opinions report an impending doom and a need to act immediately. Other opinions suggest not enough is known about how the gases themselves affect our environment. I personally feel that heading in the direction of finding different sources of energy will continue to be an effective measure. There are not nearly as many noxious odors present as here were around 40 years ago. I am equally aware of the need to stop polluting our highways and oceans with the mounting amount of trash scattered haphazardly. Cleaning up our individual acts seems to be a productive route to follow, and it seems very important for private organizations to do the same. In light of recent events concerning the covering up of information obtained on the subject of research into the effect of â€Å"greenhouse gases† emissions on the environment, I feel equally uneasy as others are to jump to any conclusions and feel inspection of previously mentioned reports is vital to uncover any discrepancies. As much as I agree or disagree with the United States government’s decisions to incorporate new laws, I feel confident that our political system is working toward everyone’s benefit in delaying aggressive action until further inspection has been performed. I remain undecided as to whether or not global warming is an issue of serious concern, and furthermore, if action should be enacted. References http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-causes/

Developments in Young Adulthood Essay

Tayid, who is 29 years old, is born Indian but settled in United States since his childhood. Though he wanted to go for Law School, he was never confident on achieving his goal. He is now working as paralegal in a public defender’s office. After he passed over a promotion opportunity by his boss, he got upset with the position. His parents wanted him to go for another job where he can have prestige, but he did not want to leave the job, as he believes his stay in civil services will lay betterment for his career. Tayid has been dating Rachel, who is 27 years old with a young boy whose name is Luke. She has been sharing accommodation with few of her girlfriends, after she had break up with Luke’s father. One day it is Luke’s birthday. Rachel wanted to plan a celebration. Tayib already took Rachel and Luke to amusement park. However later Rachel invited Tayib and her family members for dinner. Tayib could not make it, as he was stuck up in the midst of his project work. Rachel is upset with Tayib’s absence in the dinner. She is afraid that the relation would not go smoother anymore as she wanted it to be. Tayib is worried why Rachel never understands him well, being a working woman. He thinks she should be aware of the work pressure he is going through. Finally, these thoughts keep both of them in dilemma, if the relation will go fine in the future or not. Young Adulthood stage of human starts usually between 19 and 20, and ends in between 40 and 42. This is the age where boys and girls usually think they are grown up enough to take care of themselves. Majority of young adults realize that this is the right time to build up their career. Yes, in fact, one can plan up one’s career and work on it along with relations at this age, as it is the perfect time. Early period of this stage is too dangerous at times, because they do not like to listen to anyone, they believe they can do things on their own, and they do not like someone taking responsibility of care taking them. As a result, they attempt doing things in haste without thinking much about the consequences and finally fall in failure. That is why people usually get into depression and some times it leads to suicide attempts. A young adult is often into conflicts, social relationships failure, disappointing relations, home sickness, sexuality, grief and loss, depression. One of the major changes is sexuality. Usually they get attracted to an opposite gender. They feel sexual intimacy is real intimacy, and they look for relations. Initially they get happy with each other as long as the sexual relation is good. Slowly, they realize the relation is not going well practically. Because the fact is mental intimacy is more important to the sexual intimacy. Four relationship styles were characteristic: integrated (high friendly and high intimate), intimate (high intimate and low friendly), and friendly (high friendly and low intimate), and uninvolved (low intimate and low friendly) (Fischer, 1980). Here the intimacy that comes with friendly nature can be suggested as more successful one. Both Tayib and Rachel are in their young adulthood. They are much in attraction towards each other and it is kind of a need of opposite gender’s presence in their lives. Generally young adults like to be independent from their parents, and love to stay by their own. Majority of young adults think in a mature way. They plan about their future life and career, and set up some goals. The same is happening with Tayib and Rachel. There is a difference though, that is Tayib is involved seriously in developing career as he thinks he can acquire secured future for himself and also to his family, but Rachel is much worried about personal relations, love and caring towards each other. The young adult must develop intimate relationships with others. Not resolving this conflict leaves the young adult feeling isolated. The young adult must be willing to be open and committed to another individual. (Erikson).

Essay on NewJack essays

Essay on NewJack essays As we all know Societys views on Crime and Punishment are not good ones. Without reading Ted Canovers, Newjack, the general overview of Crime and Punishment is that criminals should be punished the maximum. Criminals are not cut any slack; the general population does not really care about what happens to criminals in prisons and how unjust their sentences are. In his book, Canover expresses interactions between inmates and himself. He says that his time in Sing Sing, a maximum security facility was spent mostly interacting with inmates during dining hours, checking prison cells, and writing up disciplinary infraction statements. He spent most of the time, unarmed, and scared because there were about 1,800 convicted felons in this facility, and was guarded solely by about 700 guards. This is obviously not sufficient. This fact alone reflects societys attitude towards crime and punishment. It is obvious that sufficient attention is not being placed upon this security facility since there is not sufficient security to maintain 1800 felons. Ted Canover spends 1 year as a correctional facility officer in Sing Sing, to get a detailed story of the lives of prison inmates, and the lives of these correctional officers. The Prison, once a model prison, but now New York State's most troubled maximum-security facility is in a dire need of a makeover. This fact as well, reflects societys attitude towards crime and punishment. The general thought is, who cares. This prison is very old now, and in order to maintain these prisoners in an environment where they can live in humane conditions it has to be remodeled. Yes, these are criminals who have disobeyed the law, but they are also humans, who deserve humane conditions to live in. This attitude of not caring is very clear because of all the things that Canover experienced throughout his term as correctional officers of Sing Sing. We also have to take into account that not...

Integrating The Sri Lankan Disabled Soldiers Social Work Essay Essay Example

Integrating The Sri Lankan Disabled Soldiers Social Work Essay Essay Example Integrating The Sri Lankan Disabled Soldiers Social Work Essay Essay Integrating The Sri Lankan Disabled Soldiers Social Work Essay Essay Sri Lanka ground forces was formed in 1949 and was betrothed for ceremonial responsibilities till they call for the suppression of two rebellions led by JVP in 1971 and 1987. Originating of Tamil motion in Jaffna in mid 80 s, reached to the apogee of demanding separate State called EELAM led by the separationist group ; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) paved the manner to Sri Lanka Army to swerve its function from ceremonial responsibilities to classic function to contend against the terrorist act. Sri Lankan war scheme is proved to be the lone expression which exists in the universe at present to pay the wining war against the terrorist act. 2. As conflict prolonged for over three decennaries, forfeits made by the warring cabals and the human cost of the struggle broaden skylines of societal analysis to explicate the program to reinitiate those disables in to the societal system of the state. Following inside informations denotes the specifics of handicapped soldiers of Sri Lanka Army at the terminal of the struggle: 3. To this terminal, Social duty is to be set through encouragement and reinitiating handicapped war heroes in to societal system but it would non pay the manner to incorporating them in to the societal system since most of them are from the ages between 18 33 and are from the productive ages. Dependence household members, single position, less medical attending at rural bases where most of these soldiers hail from ; are the societal issues need to be addressed at precedence. Inculcation of positive attitude, dignified societal relationship, and positive attitude towards them would promote them over sensitiveness to helplessness, loneliness and feeling dependance. Purpose 4. The purpose of this service paper is to analyze the facing jobs when incorporating the Sri Lankan disabled soldiers into the societal system and do recommendations to get the better of the jobs. DISABLED PERSON AND DISABLED SOLDIER ( Definitions Quoted from WHO ) 5. As analysis progressed, necessity arises to clear up the definition of disable individual and disabled soldier to turn to the issues and to explicate solution to convey in them to the society. a. The term disabled individual is explained ; that a individual is unable to carry through his or her necessities her or his ain as a consequence of lack of physical or mental capablenesss and include following ; ( 1 ) Impairment. Any loss or abnormalcy of psychological, physiological, or anatomical construction of map. ( 2 ) Disability. Any limitation or deficiency of ability to execute an activity in the mode of within the scope considered normal for a human being. Handicap. A disadvantage for given single, ensuing from an damage or disablement which limits or prevents the fulfilment of a function that is normal, depending on age, societal and cultural factors, for that person. Disabled soldier is a individual who becomes the victim of some signifier of physical mental deceleration owing to war. By lucubrating it may do owing to following ground or multiple grounds ; an accident, deaths may consequences amputees, blind, loss of vision, loss of hearing, paraplegia or other disablements. Right OF DISABLED PERSON ( Quoted from UN charter ) 1. The term disabled individual means any individual unable to guarantee by himself or herself, entirely or partially, the necessities of a normal single and/or societal life, as a consequence of lack either congenital or non, in his or her physical or mental capablenesss. 2. Disabled soldier shall bask all the rights set out in this declaration. These rights shall be granted to all handicapped individuals without any exclusion, without differentiation or favoritism on the footing of race, coloring material, sex, linguistic communication, faith, political or other sentiments, national or societal beginning, province of wealth, birth or any other state of affairs using either to the handicapped individual himself or herself or to his or her household. 3. Disabled individuals have the built-in right to esteem for their human self-respect. Disabled individuals irrespective of the beginning, nature and earnestness of their disability and disablements, have the same cardinal rights as their fellow citizens of the same age, which implies foremost and foremost the right to bask a nice life, a normal and full as possible. 4. Disabled individuals have the same civil and political rights as other human existences. 5. Disable individual entitled to the steps designed to enable them to became as ego reliant as possible. 6. Disable individual have the right to medical, psychological and functional intervention including prosthetic and arithmetic contraptions, to medical and societal rehabilitation, instruction, vocational preparation, and rehabilitation, assistance, guidance, arrangement services and other services which will enable them to develop their capablenesss and accomplishments to the upper limit and will rush the procedures of their societal integrating or reintegration. 7. Disable individual have the right to economic and societal security and to decent degree of life. They have the right, harmonizing to their capablenesss, to procure and retain employment or to prosecute in a utile, productive and compensable business and to fall in trade brotherhoods consideration at all phases of economic and societal planning. 8. Disable individuals are to hold their particular demands taken into consideration at all phases of economic and societal planning. The betterment which he or she may deduce at that place from. 9. Disable individuals have the right to populate with their households or with surrogate parents and to take part in all societal, originative or recreational activities. No disable individual shall be subjected, every bit far as his or her status or by the betterment which he or she may deduce at that place from. If the stay of a disable individual in a specialised constitution is indispensable, the environment and populating status at that place in shall be every bit near as possible to those of the normal life of a individual of his or her age. 10. Disable individual shall be protected against all development, all ordinances and all intervention of a discriminatory, opprobrious or corrupting nature. 11. Disable individual shall be able available themselves of qualified legal assistance when such assistance proves indispensable for the protection of their individuals and belongings. If judicial proceedings are instituted against them, the legal process applied shall take their physical and mental status to the full into history. 12. Organizations of disable individuals may be usefully consulted in all affairs sing the rights of disable individual. 13. Disable individual their households and communities shall be to the full informed, by all appropriate agencies, of the rights contained in this declaration. RESTRICTIONS ATAND AS FOLLOWING WHEN INTEGATING DISABLED PERSONNEL INTO THE CIVIL SOCIETY OF SRI LANKA 1. Lack of professional cognition restricts eligibility for employment. 2. Limited entree to beginnings of information therefore, kept uninformed on chances available. 3. No representation in policy and determination devising. 4. come across incommodiousness entertaining services available at public Institutes since them have no installations to take wheel chairs in. 5. Restrictions on operation of organic structure variety meats and activity limitation would do mental traumatism and be averse to populate. 6. No active engagement at societal activities, due to construct of dependance, fright of favoritism by the society. 7. Many handicapped individuals who take on to work and want to work are left quit following the grounds such as physical and societal fortunes and the premise made on their on the job capacity. 8. Many war veterans who returned place suffer Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) . 9. Often spouses give up work publicities, pensions, and benefits leting their hubbies to go on calling in the armed forces. If they suffer any hurt, households should back up to retrieve emphasis of their unwellness or disablement. Severe hurt or unwellness would impact the household psychologically and financially. 10. Singless come across a venture in happening a spouse for matrimony and those married would endure with partner-hood and parent-hood as a hubby and male parent. 11. Harmonizing to the UN charter disabled individuals have the same rights as others. No healthful facilitates available or no topographic points constructed for them particularly in public locales. 12. Those parents who have no any other agencies of income except of victim s would fall upon quandary to happen the life. 13. Though they wish to seek some other agencies to gain excess money they are being restricted by the fortunes hence have to get by with their wage. EMPOWERMENT OF REHABILITATION OR REINTEGRATION Plan 1. Empowering disabled experienced the employment limitations if non the careful rehabilitation or reintegration program is non made as per the particular necessities of disables. This empowerment program must include referrals for medical and dental services, coordination of preparation and allowances and include the undermentioned cardinal constituents: Evaluation and planning, Rehabilitation and employability ( preparation or instruction ) , Independent life. Job ready position, and interrupted position. 2. All disable soldiers are entitled to obtain wage and allowances as per ground forces wage strategies to bask satisfied life in the society but societal idealness, after employment emphasis and negative feelings will do this immature working category and negated feeling over their disablement if non their grudges are non decently addressed. To avoid the quandary over the forfeits made by them best signifier is to use them in a suited field and turnover the undertaking may edify the skylines of the disables. 3. Suitable service system may supply with occupation adjustment, occupation alterations, instance directions and linkages to the relevant service working environment as procedure continued. In order to accomplish employment chances following employment systems could be introduced ; a. Rapid Access to Employment. This emphasizes the end of immediate employment and is available to those who already have the accomplishments to vie in the occupation market in appropriate businesss. Among other things, disables may be provided occupation readiness readying, sketch development, occupation hunt aid, and adjustments and post employment followup. b. Self-Employment. This is for disables who have limited entree to traditional employment and demand flexible work agendas and a more accommodative work environment because of their crippling conditions or other particular fortunes. They may be provided an analysis of the viability of a concern construct, development of a concern program, preparation in the operation of little concerns, selling and fiscal aid, and counsel on obtaining equal resources to implement the concern program. c. Employment through Long-Term Services. Under this, the disables who need specialised preparation or instruction to obtain and keep suited employment. Training or instruction ( or both ) may be provided, including on-the-job preparation, apprenticeships, internships, occupation tailing, work monitoring, work-study, public-private occupation partnering, or higher instruction sufficient to obtain suited entry-level employment. d. Independent Living Services. The Independent Living Services is for disables who may non be able to work instantly and need extra rehabilitation to enable them to populate more independently. Disables may be provided with assistive engineering, independent life accomplishments preparation, and connexions to community-based support services. 4. Sing the fortunes some of disables may non be employed even though the preferable it due to disablements they possessed. They may supply with the independent life programme designed to assist whose service-connected disablement or disablements may be so terrible that they are unable to instantly prosecute an employment end. It helps them to be able to populate independently, take part in household and community life, and increase their possible to return to work and this service may include followerss ; a. Training in activities of day-to-day life. B. Attendant attention during period of passage. c. Transportation when particular agreements are required. d. Assistive engineering. e. Specialized medical, wellness, and rehabilitation services. f. Services to turn to any personal and/or household accommodation issues ; ( 1 ) Peer guidance. ( 2 ) Housing built-in to engagement in a plan of particular rehabilitation services. Training in independent life accomplishments. Connection with community-based support services. Training to better consciousness of rights and demands. ( 6 ) Aid in placing and keeping voluntary or supported employment. 5. Vocational-Educational Counseling provides a broad scope of vocational-educational guidance to disables and their dependants who are basically involved in equal association. Gradually this programme may direct into Person-centred planning that enables people to talk up about their personal hopes and aspirations and to be more in control of their lives. People s skylines expanded and became more ambitious as they saw other people making different things, as they themselves started to accomplish things, and as they got more used to believing and speaking about the chances they wanted. GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION TOWARDS THE INTEGRATING THE DISABLED SOLDIERS 1. Following institutes are empowered by the authorities governments to incorporate disables to feudal societies. Those are ; a. Ranaviru Seva Authority. Act of parliament on 5 June 2000 mandated for publicity, public assistance, socioeconomic integrating of handicapped ex service members and their households including supplying service for tri service and constabulary forces. Under this proposals following steps were granted to the disables and those are: ( 1 ) Ranaviru sansada, psychological and socio programme. ( 2 ) Ranaviru land undertaking. ( 3 ) Educational scholarship. ( 4 ) Skill development programme. ( 5 ) Welfare programme. ( 6 ) Ranaviru small town and public assistance loan system. ( 7 ) Directorate of rehabilitation are include steps taken to supervise and praised the rendered services by these soldiers. B. Directorate of Rehabilitation. Maximum attempt for physical and psychological accommodation within the bound of his disablement to enable him to populate as utile and hearty life as is humanely possible. ( 1 ) Disabled soldiers receive basic medical and surgery attention from military infirmary. ( 2 ) Suffering loss of weaponries or legs, provide unreal limbs, guarantee by Directorate of Rehabilitation ( 3 ) Then they will be introduced to vocational accomplishments, clerical, treasure film editing, motor mechanics, welding, computing machine scientific discipline, book binding, air conditioning, infrigidation. ( 4 ) Then steer to happen a paid employment which suit their abilities and endeavoring for extra fiscal support. ( 5 ) Ranaviru sevana formed under the board of directors of rehabilitation for residential intervention. ( 6 ) Rehabilitation programme under ranaviru sevana, medical, educational, psycho-social, vocational. ( 7 ) Under those programmes following services will be provided medical services, hydro therapy, physical therapy, physical preparation, developing athleticss, vocational preparation, educational chances, and spiritual activities. ( 8 ) Practicing self attention accomplishments to take them of the frights and hurting ensuing from both traumatic experiences at war s good as the psycho societal jobs arise from their disablements. ( 9 ) The Ranaviru Sevana is go oning their plans and some accomplishment as follows: ( a ) Ultimate end is attainment of maximal physical and psychological accommodation of each individual with a disablement. ( B ) Occupying in units ( degree Celsius ) Uplift their public assistance steps ( vitamin D ) Sport ( vitamin E ) New endowment and accomplishments ( degree Fahrenheit ) Independent life, economically balance and socially accepted. Summary 1. Owing to the struggle which prolonged for about three decennaries between Sri Lanka Army and LTTE some 21327 soldiers have been left with any signifier of frailty which makes onerous impact on the authorities and to a considerable extent on society. However, duty remains still to take attention of and give heat and fondness whom so need such attending and attention in peculiar. 2. Some bing signifiers for classification of a handicapped would be, amputees, blind, loss of vision, loss of hearing, paraplegia and per centum of frailty besides given along with. It is evident that these handicapped soldiers undergo no vocational preparation or have no professional accomplishment due to the fact that they joins military service in the age of 18 or below 20 three hence, this influence on societal integrating accordingly. Further, this would impact their psychological science therefore possible branchings are uncertainness, experiencing favoritism and unlogical hazard of future life. Minor factors such as non representation at policy or determination devising, feelings of dependence, response of the mass in societal integrating, possibilities to run into the demands at public institutes besides could impact adversely to some grade. 3. possible steps to get the better of these ventures and fortunes some deduction would be ; empowerment program is to be carry out, rating, be aftering rehabilitation and employability, procuring independent life, make trades available and offering uninterrupted life. To bring forth employment chances for handicapped soldiers following procedure can be worked out: rapid entree to occupations, a assortment of ego employments, employment on full clip services and independent services. Some positive facets observed are ; public and private conveyance provides reserved seats for disable individuals and able mass takes no vacillation to offer his/her place to a handicapped if needed. 4. Afford of household demands and get by up all necessities with a small income or pension are firing issues lie before them. Therefore extra agencies of income ( s ) should be kept available through self employment etc. 5. Disabled soldier could be launched in to the society as a demanding individual through designation and working self possible. This may necessitate standard preparation and professional exposure and counsel. Government in coaction with Sri Lanka Army has implemented some feasible programs to swerve this venture in to success: constitution of the Ranaviru Seva Authority to help the handicapped soldiers and their households and Sri Lanka Army established the Directorate of Rehabilitation to installations them. Recommendation 1. Disabled soldiers undergo no vocational preparation or have no professional accomplishment prior to enlistment to the ground forces due to the fact that they join military service in the age of 18 or below 20 three. Therefore, effectual steps to be taken to work familial alone capablenesss and constitution of vocational preparation centres besides to be incorporated in to the enterprise. 2. Communication flow of the society is to be touchable and easy entree to information beginnings would maintain handicapped soldier informed on facts and benefits available. 3. Misinforming on psychological issues like uncertainness, feelings of dependence, and superstitious feelings of the mass that a disable soldier is a load to the society and has no end product or part to the national production should be eliminated. 4. Pay due honor and make the needful for them when needed in grasp of their invaluable forfeits. 5. Allowing chances to take part in and doing them coworkers in planning and determination devising would turn to and carry through their societal demands. So making chances to make this procedure will assist them. 6. Development of substructure installations at public and private institutes as they facilitate them to run into their demands in any assistance of mobility. 7. Psychological operations and regular guidance progammes to be done taking handicapped soldiers those suffer Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) . 8. If the handicapped soldier is left unfit for farther mental or physical employment, his dependents should be kept strong to defy the life therefore occupation chances should be crate for them. 9. Disabled individuals besides should be aimed and considered when building illumination or immense public installations such as office composites, healthful, entertaining etc.

Aspects Of British Colonialism In Uganda And Kenya History Essay

Aspects Of British Colonialism In Uganda And Kenya History Essay Uganda and Kenya as British protectorates were founded in 1894. Colonization of Africa employed a number of methods. The main ones were the use of the gun the Bible or religion. Buganda was colonized by the gun, Bible and koran. The Bible and koran teachings became effective ways of establishing a fanatical following which eventually played a crucial role in the political landscape of buganda. By 1867 islam was established in buganda and Mutesa I was already observing the ramadhan and learning to read the koran. Mutesa I pages at his courts fully converted though Mutesa I never converted fully to islam. The Christian Missionary Society (CMS) arrived in buganda in June 1877. After two years the roman catholic white fathers arrived in buganda. The arrival of these two groups not only ignited a rivalry between them but confused the buganda (EnterUganda). Just as Uganda, Kenya had its share of missionary activity which sprang up from the coastal part of the region. Missionaries first la nded at the coastal town which had been previously explored and dominated by the arab traders who came in with the koran. However the factional fights that were characteristic of the buganda were not with Kenya mainly because of the ethnic set up diversity that existed in Kenya. Later on the establishment of colonial boundaries would greatly affect these more than 40 different communities who were now brought together into one territory. In the case of the buganda and on a broader scale there was rivalry between the French who were catholic inclined and the English who were protestant inclined. In this rivalry was also a scramble for products and cheap raw materials source. On the other hand the earliest foreign expeditions in Kenya were mainly missionary expeditions and were mainly to open up the inland for the sake of the gospel. The scramble for raw materials would however come later as a secondary factor. The coming of the missionaries caused religion to spread rapidly throughou t the entire east African region. For Kenya the spread advanced from the coastal region into the interior, whereas for Uganda the kabaka hosted the missionaries whose activities fanned out from the palace into the entire region. The Imperial British East Africa chose to move in and establish British sphere influence. Sending FJ Jackson who spearheaded this mission. Jackson sought to sign a treaty with Mwanga who was enjoying catholic backing after Karl Peters a German favoured by the catholics arrived in buganda. The Germany influence and interest over buganda was curtailed by the signing of the Heligoland treaty of July 1890. In this treaty buganda was officially recognized as a British sphere of influence in return for Heligoland island in the north sea to the Germans (EnterUganda) In Kenya it all began at the 1884 to 1885 Berlin Conference which was the basis on which was set the rules of colonial occupation. Combining with the 1886 Anglo-German Agreement and other inter- Europea n territorial arrangements, the Berlin conference was instrumental in not only erecting artificial boundaries around Kenya but also in removing diplomatic initiative from Kenyan people. This was just a precursor of the demarcation of the Kenyan territory that would follow in the year 1894. Imperial British East Africa now had a firm grip on the two east African states Kenya and Uganda. However in order to further protect their interests in Uganda the Imperial British East Africa later send Captain Fredrick Lugard to counter the threat posed by Emin Kasha in Sudan who was planning to annex buganda and bunyoro to Turkey. Charles Stoke a missionary turned arms dealer who was also plotting to arm Kabalega needed to be dealt with because kabalega being unfriendly to the British would be a risk if he was armed.. Captain Lugard successfully forestalled their plans. However the coming of Captain Lugard was viewed by Mwanga and the catholic backed regime as a triumph for the protestant. Luga rd signed a treaty with Mwanga and fought alongside him to defeat the muslim invasion. Captain Lugard also entered an agreement with Ntare V to stop arms from reaching Kabalega.

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United States Court of Appeals - Research Paper Example Plaintiff - Appellee supported its charge against Defendant Picker on the fact that while Defendant was metal hunting on some private property adjoining the Park while he visited Gettysburg National Military Park. Defendant then found a rare bowie knife worth about $2000.00, on the said private property. The Park Ranger, Hancock who was made a witness for the Government, claimed that he warned Defendant that metal hunting on national park land was forbidden and a criminal act, and should not trespass on the property. The Park Ranger also maintained that he showed the boundary line to the Defendant. The Park Ranger also asserted that he kept a close watch on Picket by being 50 yards behind him, and found Defendant to have inadvertently crossed the property line into the park. The Park Ranger then arrested Defendant on the basis of his claim that he crossed the boundary that was marked, despite the fact that the signs were not readily visible as the signs were only 8 inches by 12 inche s and placed every 150 yards apart, and markings placed under heavily wooded a heavily wooded area that affected the mark’s visibility.

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RELATIONSHIPS - Essay Example We grew up with him for seven years and became the best of friends. Bruno became my playmate and he even learnt to ride a skate board with me. He seemed to have intelligence above that of a dog, not because he was a trained pet but because he had developed human emotional reflexes. Whenever I was sick and could not go out to play, he would lay there beside me as if to say â€Å"you will be ok buddy†. The relationship we had with Bruno was considered weird by many people. I would sit on the front porch at night under the stars, stroke his smooth coat and share a lot of stories with Bruno. I knew he would not talk back but the replies were in his soft whining and the look he had in his eyes. When my family went camping, I always insisted on carrying him along instead of leaving him behind. When I was nine years old, Bruno sadly died after falling ill, the Vet said he could not be saved. This made me sad, I cried and mourned over my departed friend before we buried him in our back yard. I still hold dear the friendship I had with my Bruno the Rottweiler I still believe had a human

Case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Case study analysis - Essay Example Discussion Division â€Å"A† manager has proposed the management and the stakeholder of the organization about the automation of the data. It is an effective and useful idea. It can ease the business process of the organization. In addition to this, adoption of the automation process can help the organization to reduce the stress level of the employees as it will save time and physical effort of an individual. Looking into these advantages, the management and stakeholder of the organization approved the proposal of Division â€Å"A† manager. Moreover, the organization paid huge capital to develop this automation system. The â€Å"A† division of the organization is consists of two sections, such as Section â€Å"G† and Section â€Å"S†. After getting the approval, it was the responsibility of the division â€Å"A† manager to ask his two sections to focus on this project. Major reasons behind the project were high capital investment and to work with organization’s vision in order to improve its service. The major portion of the employees in the sections under the Division â€Å"A† manager was not competent to use the newly approved data automation system and instead was willing to carry out their daily paper based activities. Several arguments were framed by the employees to explain the shift in the working platform as a glamorous attempt to keep up with the vision on technological advancements. Thus the employees resisted to the forces of change. The steps taken towards change management in the organization were extremely crucial to keep up with the competitive environment. The employees resisted to change due to the gaps in the desired level of knowledge and skill required to adopt the data automation platform. There was also lack of transparency in the organizational decisions on change managements and it was not conveyed properly to the employees who would execute the work in the automated data platform. The practices of the Division â€Å"A† manager and the Section â€Å"S† manager in putting pressure on the employees to work on the automated data platform reveal unfair practices and inefficient leadership skills to motivate the employees (Schein, 2010). The recruitment of the new Finance Manager in order to achieve integration of finance function with the data automation platform resulted in conflicts between the managers due to difference in individual interest. One of the managers may be inclined for individual incentives while the other may have the broader perspective and will take decisions that are god for the organization. Here a conflict of their interests may arise. The employees started to take sides in order to establish their position in decision making. The lack of coordination among the managers, chaos among the employees led to the creation of a toxic work environment. All these reflected weakness in organization culture. Poor communication or interac tion among the managers will slow down the work flow. The existence of informal information will shed the impact upon the work process. Recommendation The senior management of Emirates especially the Human resources department had to the take up a host of actions for the improving the workplace environment of the company. First of all, the employees had adopted themselves to the conventional system of paperwork and therefore they were not ready to adapt to the new system of

Development of Dubai International Airport (DXBOMDB) (Dubai) Essay

Development of Dubai International Airport (DXBOMDB) (Dubai) - Essay Example d.). In order to ensure continuous growth, continuous development and improvement need to be taken place. Different development projects are carried out on the Airport Development which boosts the growth of the Airport. The Dubai International Airport was constructed under the supervision and order of the then ruler Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum in the year 1959. This is considered as the first Airport in the country. In the beginning there were no much facilities in the Airport and the runway was limited. The Airport is situated four kilometers way from the city (Dubai International Airport, n. d.). The growth rate of the Dubai International Airport is high compared to other Airports in the Middle East. The Dubai International Airport holds highest position in the ratings by authorities like International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Home, n. d.). The Dubai International Airport is owned by the government of United Arab Emirates (Profile, n. d.). The Transportation facility ki nd of the infrastructure of a country has to be developed continuously. The development of Dubai International Airport is essential for the development of the country and for making one among the top countries of the world. If the International Airport at Dubai is developed at a higher phase it can attract many foreigners including tourists and investors. The investors would be investing in country only after a detailed study of the infrastructure of that particular country including the international transportation. This fact forced the government of the United Arab Emirates, to think about the development of existing international airport by way of expansion programs. The phase II expansion plan was an initiative to such a development. By this Phase II expansion what the government is aimed is overall development of the different facilities of the Airport. The main aim was this expansion program was to increase the traffic facility as number of airlines and passengers is goes on increasing. In order to accommodate these increased airlines, the existing traffic facilities need to be improved. The globalization and other development in the world has increased the number of passengers and coming to and going from the country. The new development plan includes the construction of buildings, new landing facilities an other modifications. As new buildings and facilities are going to be created in the airport, the infrastructure facility inside the airport will also have to be subjected for modification and improvement (Dubai Airport Terminal, n. d.). The cargo mega terminal creation is another major part of the Airport development. This terminal is cons tructed in such a way that it can deal millions of freight. Both the projects that is the phase II expansion and construction of cargo terminal creation has been started in the year 2002 and the expected completion time of the Phase II expansion is 2007 and that of cargo mega terminal is 2018 (Dubai International Airport, n. d.). The development plan is a systematically designed one. This is designed in such a way that it can create much customer value by way of providing the customers the required service at ease. The organizational chart for this development plan is designed keeping in mind the change in technology. The main person who is the sole authority of this expansion project

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy - Research Paper Example The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc which comprised of the eastern European countries. The US aided the western European countries for post war recovery and later formed NATO to contain communism. The two powers never had direct military action, but the period contained sets of high tension crisis and race for supremacy. Different doctrines were followed over time to contain spread of communism. The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led to worst patch of relationship between the two. Strait of Hormuz forms a bottleneck at the Persian Gulf, therefore, a strategic position to control the oil flow from the region (Rodrigue, 2004). The Afghanistan invasion brought Soviet Union in close proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, which could have been accessed through invasion of Iran. Soviet actions posed threat to the stability of the entire region. US along with other countries were dependant on the oil for functioning of their economies. The supply was also crucial for the military to maintain its operational capabilities. Saudi Arabia, therefore, was assured of security by US from communist adversaries. Iran was a key ally in the region to guard against spread of communism. Iran and Saudi Arabia were given aid to counter Soviet Union and ensure stability in the region. The Iranian revolution in 1979 complicated the situation; therefore, a new doctrine had to be formulated. The exclusion of Iran demanded a doctrine to present suitable threat to guard against spread of Soviets in the region and to find reliable replacement for supply of oil to US. President Carter’s doctrine was a paradigm shift from previous doctrines of President Truman, Eisenhower and Nixon. It was aimed to make clear the importance of the Persian Gulf as key vital interest. The doctrine made clear that any effort by hostile power to block the flow of oil from the Persian Gulf would be considered an attack on US vital interest and would be dealt with military force. It was a direct warni ng to the Soviet Union to stay out of the region (Stork, 1980). The doctrine also demanded close cooperation of surrounding countries in the region to support against this security threat. Implementation Rapid Deployment Force The US did not have significant military presence in the region at the time of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The US was dependant mainly on the NATO, which were conventional strategic forces and needed time to start its operation. President Carter formed Rapid Deployment Force, which was aimed to respond to international crisis immediately. The force consisted of five Army divisions and was stationed near the Persian Gulf. Elements of all four arms i.e. Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine were incorporated in the organization of the force. The major aim was to create deterrence for the Soviet Union against possible intervention in the region and to ensure continuation of the oil flow from the Persian Gulf (Noel, 2006). The force was mobile and did not require f orward military bases as compared to NATO deployment. Nuclear Policy Nuclear weapons were used as deterrence as well but its policy kept changing over time. The Carter Administration outlined the US policy for use of nuclear weapons. The new policy stressed that US must remain prepared to fight a protracted nuclear war (Siracusa & Coleman, 2001). Nuclear deterrence was used before Carter, but its new policy was aimed at backing

Question 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Question 3 - Essay Example It is necessary for every organization to have its own structure for the purpose of ensuring effective operation. In simple words, the organizational structure is the hierarchy of the organization’s function and its people. Moreover, it also reflects the values and characters of an organization. Depending upon the values and objectives, an organization tends to adopt one of the following organizational structures. This study seeks to investigate about the type of organizational structures and the importance of organizational structure in the modern days. This study will also shed light on whether there is an appropriate institutional structure for certain sectors? For example, the question to be analysed is - in the automotive and the rapid consumption industry do we expect the structures of these institutions to be any different? In addition, the study will also investigate whether an organization's structure should change due to the shift in environmental conditions? In orde r to analyse the questions the study will depend on the secondary result and ultimately will draw a conclusion. Discussion Every organization needs to have a particular structure in order to operate efficiently as well as systematically in the market place. ... The bureaucratic structure is further divided into three structures namely pre-bureaucratic structures, bureaucratic structures and post-bureaucratic structures. Organisations following pre bureaucratic structures lack standards and are usually visible in start up companies or small companies. Pre- bureaucratic structures are highly centralized and usually there is a sole decision maker. On the other hand, bureaucratic structures have a certain level of standards. This is usually practised in large organization with complex management. Organization following post-bureaucratic structures also put strict management into practise, but they are enthusiastic in adopting new methodologies and ideas as well (Huber, 2005). Functional Structure Organizations following functional structures have their organization divided into different segments as per the functions of the departments. Moreover, the manager or the supervisor of that department also comes from the same background or same filed. As a result of this, organizations embrace the ability to enhance efficiency of the entire organization by appointing and allocating specialized person in each department. For example, in a software company the entire recruitment and selection process of the software engineers are done by the existing software development teams of the organization. In this way the supervision and management of this group becomes effective. Functional structures are mostly visible in organizations with large scale operation (Maguire, 2003). Divisional Structure In this type of organisational structure, companies divide functional areas into different divisions. Each of the division is provided with their own resources in order to ensure they perform their functions and

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cold War and U.S Diplomacy - Research Paper Example The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc which comprised of the eastern European countries. The US aided the western European countries for post war recovery and later formed NATO to contain communism. The two powers never had direct military action, but the period contained sets of high tension crisis and race for supremacy. Different doctrines were followed over time to contain spread of communism. The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led to worst patch of relationship between the two. Strait of Hormuz forms a bottleneck at the Persian Gulf, therefore, a strategic position to control the oil flow from the region (Rodrigue, 2004). The Afghanistan invasion brought Soviet Union in close proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, which could have been accessed through invasion of Iran. Soviet actions posed threat to the stability of the entire region. US along with other countries were dependant on the oil for functioning of their economies. The supply was also crucial for the military to maintain its operational capabilities. Saudi Arabia, therefore, was assured of security by US from communist adversaries. Iran was a key ally in the region to guard against spread of communism. Iran and Saudi Arabia were given aid to counter Soviet Union and ensure stability in the region. The Iranian revolution in 1979 complicated the situation; therefore, a new doctrine had to be formulated. The exclusion of Iran demanded a doctrine to present suitable threat to guard against spread of Soviets in the region and to find reliable replacement for supply of oil to US. President Carter’s doctrine was a paradigm shift from previous doctrines of President Truman, Eisenhower and Nixon. It was aimed to make clear the importance of the Persian Gulf as key vital interest. The doctrine made clear that any effort by hostile power to block the flow of oil from the Persian Gulf would be considered an attack on US vital interest and would be dealt with military force. It was a direct warni ng to the Soviet Union to stay out of the region (Stork, 1980). The doctrine also demanded close cooperation of surrounding countries in the region to support against this security threat. Implementation Rapid Deployment Force The US did not have significant military presence in the region at the time of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The US was dependant mainly on the NATO, which were conventional strategic forces and needed time to start its operation. President Carter formed Rapid Deployment Force, which was aimed to respond to international crisis immediately. The force consisted of five Army divisions and was stationed near the Persian Gulf. Elements of all four arms i.e. Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine were incorporated in the organization of the force. The major aim was to create deterrence for the Soviet Union against possible intervention in the region and to ensure continuation of the oil flow from the Persian Gulf (Noel, 2006). The force was mobile and did not require f orward military bases as compared to NATO deployment. Nuclear Policy Nuclear weapons were used as deterrence as well but its policy kept changing over time. The Carter Administration outlined the US policy for use of nuclear weapons. The new policy stressed that US must remain prepared to fight a protracted nuclear war (Siracusa & Coleman, 2001). Nuclear deterrence was used before Carter, but its new policy was aimed at backing

Hamlet is a self-obsessed Essay Example for Free

Hamlet is a self-obsessed Essay Throughout the course of the play, the character of Hamlet undergoes major upheaval, so a transition in his psyche is to be expected. One interpretation behind the reason for this transition is the one stated in the title (i. e. that he is a self-obsessed, miserable typical teenager); another may be that he is simply the victim of exceptional circumstances (namely his fathers death and his mothers marriage to his uncle) either way, it is clear that Hamlet is acting under severe emotional stress during the play. That Hamlet is a very obsessive young man is easy enough to tell the list of things he obsesses about is extensive: the afterlife, his fathers murder, his new misogynistic feelings, suicide and general worldly dissatisfaction, to list the main bulk of his obsessions. Some of his soliloquies (which are the passages where Shakespeare allows Hamlet to reveal his complete emotions to the audience) are testament to this obsession, especially concerning suicide (O that this too too solid flesh would melt, To be or not to be). This self-obsession may be thought of as somewhat surprising when it is noted that Hamlet is meant to be heir to the Dane throne, as it portrays Hamlet as someone in a role of great social responsibility who only has the scope to think about his personal problems. Hamlet is by now old enough to attend university (although his age is unspecified), showing that he has reached an age where he can think independently and fully comprehend his duty to society, adding to the sense that he is being selfish in that he does not think of the well-being of his country, despite the numerous references to problems in Denmark (Something is rotten in the state of Denmark). It is this personal fixation and irresponsibility on Hamlets part that ends up bringing the ultimately Danish monarchy into ruin, with Fortinbras of Norway ascending to the throne. The claim that Hamlet is also miserable is also a valid one: the audience usually finds Hamlet in a highly melancholic state of mind (whether it is mere sullen impetuousness or full-blown suicidal depression). Hamlet seems dissatisfied with everything: his family, his nation, the world, his very existence. Part of the reason for this depressed nature is Hamlets tendency to philosophise and contemplate complex aspects of existence, such as the afterlife, which contrasts with the straight-forward action men that surround him, and is more typical of the modern moody teenager. For all of these reasons, it can be argued that Hamlet is indeed a self-obsessed, miserable typical teenager. However, a different interpretation of Hamlet is that he is the victim of exceptionally harrowing circumstances. His age is indeterminate, although the reader is sure that he is a young man. Already with the weight of an entire nation on his shoulders, his father dies, only for his mother to wed with wicked speed to his fathers brother: such a combination in such a short space of time for one as young as Hamlet is bound to have a detrimental effect on his outlook. Add to this the plainly insensitive handling of this shocking series of events by Claudius which serves only to exacerbate Hamlets sorrow and confusion (but to persever/ In obstinate condolement is a course/ Of impious stubbornness, tis unmanly grief,) and it becomes evident that Hamlet cannot be compared to a moody teenager, because the events that usually make teenagers stroppy cannot be compared in any way to the mental anguish that Hamlet is probably suffering. Such a comparison would be callous and thoughtless. Hamlets apparent descent into a self-crafted madness is indicative of the huge pressure placed upon him by the ghost of his father, who seems only interested in revenge rather than helping his son (Remember me. ). This emphasises the feeling that Hamlet is alone, with no-one truly understanding his situation (with the possible exception of Horatio). Teenagers nowadays have a vast array of methods in which they can seek help (i. e. relatives, hotlines, the police), again stressing the vast chasm between the situation of a moody teenager and the agonising plight which Hamlet finds himself in. The sheer exceptional scale of tragedy that occurs during the play and the profound effect they have on Hamlet are enough to ensure that he should not be compared to a moody teenager: to do so would be highly inconsiderate. Hence the interpretation that Hamlet is self-obsessed is a highly unfair one, as the world he knew previously has been shattered, and the one he finds himself in now is so intolerable to him that he ponders suicide, meaning that the affairs of Denmark do not find such a high priority in his mind because his personal life is in disarray. Even through the catastrophes in the play, as Hamlet lies on the ground dying, he names Fortinbras as the next ruler of Denmark this shows that, after he has resolved all of his issues, he starts to once again think of his nation, even as he is dying; the claim that he is miserable is a fair one, but he is justifiably miserable. He is not miserable because his parents will not let him attend a party: he is miserable because his father is dead and his mother has begun an incestuous relationship with his uncle. This is a legitimate reason for misery, and so Hamlet should be treated with a fitting level of compassion at least certainly not compared to typical teenagers. It is for the reasons above that the statement Hamlet is a self-obsessed, miserable typical teenager does not resonate well with the reader: the very fact that he is able to be sullen and even jocular initially (A little more than kin, and less than kind. Not so much, my lord, I am too much in the son. ) is a testament to his strong personality his true feelings are revealed in the following soliloquy. The character of Hamlet is far more complex than a comparatively simple teenager; the circumstances far more tragic; the pressure upon him far greater.

Explicit Sexualization Of Both Men And Women Media Essay

Explicit Sexualization Of Both Men And Women Media Essay It is quite evident that gender, sexuality and advertising are all directly linked with one another.7 Marketing minds have finally realized that sex sells. Advertisements in mainstream magazines have increasingly relied on explicit sexualization of both men and women to sell products. Ads sell a great deal more than products.    They sell values, images, and concepts of success of worth, love and sexuality, popularity, and normalcy.    They tell us who we are and who we should be.    Sometimes they sell addictionsThey provide impossible body images for women to strive towards, and sadly, many women do The female body is repeatedly objectified in advertising, and whenever a human is turned into a thing, violence is going to follow.    Rapes and beatings often result from the dehumanization of women Slide 2 In this advertisement for Calvin Klein Jeans, the female model is depicted lying on vacant beach. This type of advertisement creates many troubled stereotypes and ideologies for our modern day society. This image can be critically evaluated using Goffmans (1979) model of gender advertising. Goffman claims that image advertisements often place women in subordinate positions.   He also discusses a set of codes called, ritualization of subordination.   This concept addresses the physical position of a woman in an advertisement. Women are often seen on their side or lying on their back.   What is Calvin Klein selling in this advertisement? This is a clavin klein jeans addà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It conveys a lot of message to the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The woman is lying on her back. All you need is the touch that transforms the gender oppressive product into a gender celebratory productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You can see the main focus in this add is Brad Pitt and not the watchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As he is wearing the watch his fans would think that he wears such kind of watches which is not true because he is just advertising for it and this causes people to buy this watch. Its like cheating on the people and the fans and misleading the consumers. Play station 2 What better way to sell one of the hottest video game machines around than sex?http://www.americaninventorspot.com/files/images/Play_Station_Two_Sexy_Woman.jpg There is no image of PS2 ( the good which they are trying to sell ). The female in the picture is source of attraction to the consumer to buy this product. The product is a gaming console mainly for the young people who can easily be distracted through such ads. Slide 3 Figures 1 and 2 use the same approach of photographic imagery of the sea and shore, the colours blue and white associate with water hence the fragrance name Cool Water and the text for the advert. Figure 1 shows an attractive, confident female model passive on the shore resting her head on a rock and gazing at the reader. Figure 2 shows a muscular male model in water, who is active (splashing water) and seems he has just jumped out of the water. Although the adverts appear to be similar on the surface, the adverts have been gendered to send a clear message to the desired reader. The message from Cool Water for Women clearly states that as a woman, this product will make you look and feel fresh, cool, relaxed and confident, so confident that you do not need to wear anything else but the fragrance. This plays on the ideology that most women do not have the self confidence to show their body but using this product will restore that confidence. The Cool Water for Men implies that not only will the product make you as a man, feel cool and fresh, but it will give you full of energy so that you ready for any action. This aggressive targeting has mainly had an impact on women more than men as they have become extremely self conscious, and research proves that women spend more money on looking good than men. Billions of Pounds are circulated each year in the beauty industry alone. Men dream of being James Bond or aspire to his charisma, and those who see him as a role model will copy his image. Advertisers have emphasised that Omega is James Bonds choice of wrist watch brand, and the advert states that Omega is the sign of excellence; connotating that James Bond only wears the best and so should you. It plays on mens desire of becoming a hero as we see a scene from a Bond film in the background explosion in the air. The message is very clear; men who wear the watch can relate to James Bond, become suave, sophisticated, and successful. In contrast, figure 4 demonstrates that women are more laid back, and prefer indoor events. The indoor dà ©cor in the background resembles a sophisticated, upper class restaurant. The advert emphasises that this gold, slim Omega watch, is Cindy Crawfords choice. She is wearing a red dress associated with the lady in red (attractive). Her watch is worn as part of her outfit, almost as if it is gold jewellery. The message conveyed here is as if Cindy is speaking out to the reader saying, look at what Im wearing. She appears to be wealthy and attractive and is urging women that it is a must have piece of jewellery that will make you look like a million dollars. It is clear from the above examples that men and women are targeted according to their social beliefs and attitudes towards their self perception brought on by advertisers and society, enforcing them to adopt certain buying behaviours to influence purchasing decisions. These certain methods have had negative impact on women than men as we are aware that women appear more emotional and unconfident in contrast to men. Women are increasingly concerned with their physical appearance due to the pressure of looking good by society. Klein is not alone in his use of controversial images in advertising. After all, the whole point of advertising has always been to attract attention, and fashion advertising is notorious for its exploitative use of young men and women. But one senses that there is a new conservatism among consumers, who are fed up with X-rated images hawking everything from beer to video games. In continuing to push the envelope, designers like Klein may find that they have pushed the patience of their consumers too far. A possible backlash to this campaign occurred in 1999, when Klein launched an ad campaign for his childrens underwear line. The campaign involved three different photos, two depicting two little boys playing on a sofa and clad only in CK underpants and the third depicting two little girls playing on a sofa and clad only in CK undergarments. These images appeared as full page ads in the New York Post and prominent magazines, and as a huge billboard in Manhattans Times Square. Due to public furore, these ads were pulled 24 hours later. A Calvin Klein spokesperson claimed that these ads were intended to capture the same warmth and spontaneity that you find in a family snapshot. The general public disagreed, with numerous experts citing that these ads were pornographic because they featured high definition, sexualized images of young children. In many cases, those who were against the ads cited Kleins previous track record as sufficient proof that these images were exploitative. Chocolate man ad too sexy for Indian audience A deodorant advert that showed an apparently irresistible chocolate man being gnawed on by scantily clad women has been banned in India. An advertising executive in the country explains why it was so offensive. The Indian blogosphere is having a tantrum over the decision to withdraw a commercial for Axe Dark Temptation deodorants for men, which are flavoured with a hint of chocolate. Created by Argentinean advertisers and aired on Indian television, the ad shows crowds of attractive young women nibbling and licking at a young man wearing the deodorant. Although parts of the clip had already been censored to appease the regional audience, the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) received so many complaints about the ad that they decided to remove it. It follows a collection of commercials flaunting, amongst other things, sexy underwear and flavoured condoms, which have been taken off air or censored for being indecent, vulgar and repulsive. Slide 4 This slide includes the knowledge issue. Through these real life examples we came up with knowledge issue which says To what extent is the use of sexuality in advertisements ethical? There are different opinions of people and different ways of knowing. Reason Emotion Perception Language Reason Money Better profits and sales Brand name To attract consumers More knowledge issues What responsibility, if any, does a company have for honestly educating the consumer about its product? Should advertisers be allowed to suggest that a product will make a person more sexy/interesting/beautiful/successful/etc? Is it ethical to use celebrities to sell products they probably dont even use themselves? Is it the buyers responsibility to be aware of these strategies and not allow them to manipulate their emotions? Language Communicating a message Cause Influence purchasing behavior thought patterns Effect Persuasive Informative Enabler Language is the key criteria for effectiveness of these three aspects. Message must be communicated in a language which is comfortable to the audience and influence them in a positive manner. At the same time it will be more effective if the communication is persuasive and informative. Language to be used in an advertisement should be determined based on the product and the user group  for the product. For instance, advertisement for a luxury good should be publicized in English whereas same for a necessity is preferred to be done in local language for greater communicability and mass reach. Two Indian Americans, Aradhna Krishna and Rohini Ahluwalia of University of Michigan and Minnesota, respectively, examined the role of language in advertising in India. Their results indicate that multinationals marketing products, among bilingual populations, should pay special attention to language. They determined how the language hits viewers mind in relation to a product category. This happens as different products have different user groups. They found that participants perceptions of advertisements changes significantly when different languages are used.   While Hindi is associated with belongingness (close, personal, friendly, family), English is associated with sophistication (global, cosmopolitan, urban, upper class), they wrote. They found that whereas detergents can be advertised effectively in Hindi, English is preferred for Luxury items like chocolates. Airtel, Coca Cola, Fevicol are some of the brands which advertise in local language in two and three tier cities. But as far as Cadbury is concerned, they prefer Hindi or mixed language. The researchers also found that people responds favorably to mixed-language advertising. A classic example for mixed-language advertisement can be that of Frooti the first tetra pack fruit juice of India by Parle Agro Foods. They use the jingle Mango frooti, fresh-n-juicy with their Hindi advertisement effectively. Whereas use of Bengali language by all major advertisers for their products during Durga Pooja in Kolkata (rather whole Bengal) can be an example for use of local language to influence masses. History of Women in Television Advertisements (AOK) There are many different stereotypes of women in advertising. Throughout history there have been many studies that proved women were mainly portrayed on television advertisements as housewives or occupations that are subservient to men. Studies also show the disproportional ratio of women to men in TV advertisements. In the 70s, it was reported that women were found on camera only 21 % of the time. Allan and Coltrane conducted a study that showed inversely, in the 80s female appearance on TV advertisement were 5.8% less compared to the 50s! (Pierce, 1999) In 1996, the Kaiser Family Foundation and Children Now calculated that women were on camera 42 percent of the time. Though this was an increase percentage wise from previous decades, gender inequalities still are rampant. This fact is proved a study conducted by Professors Daniel J. Bretl and Joanne Cantor of the University of Wisconsin (1995) which found that 90% of voice-overs used in advertisements were male, despite some of the products were aimed predominantly to females. Effects of Advertising on Women Advertising has many effects on society as a whole. As a result of not being in as many commercials, at very young ages boys and girls conclude that girls are valued less than boys. The commercials that females are mostly in are ones that portray them as them and thin and beautiful while some how also being subservient to men. The negative effects of advertising on women fall into a huge range of problems. The most common would affect be the constant increase of womens struggles with dieting and eating disorders. As, Wilson and Blackhurst point out, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦fifty-six percent of all women are on diets (Pipher, 1995) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and eighty percent of girls have dieted by the time they reach eighteen (Brown, 1993). Unfortunately as girls were raised, they were always taught to be submissive and dainty. It almost seemed like they are told their opinions dont matter and that they should just sit there look pretty or be fragile like glass dolls. Many ads use this to their advanta ge. They make girls think that the only thing they should do is work on their appearance, because their opinions dont matter. This results in several girls falling into depression or developing eating disorders. The inner struggles of keeping the pain in cause some girls to want to commit suicide before wanting to be fat. A Charlotte, N.C. real estate firm says business is booming, thanks to their sexy new marketing plan that involves hiring models to pose in listings photos of luxury homes. During the boom years of 2006 and 2007, Peters and Associates Real Estate was the No.1 seller of high-end homes in the Charlotte region. Then the market crashed and real estate sales dried up for most of 2008 and 2009. Peters and Associates owners Nick and Miriam Peters then decided to spice up their marketing and have been having tremendous success ever since. The couple creates an image by spending thousands of dollars on clothing and cars; and they photograph their listings with sexy, attractive people. Peters caters to high-profile and high-net-worth individuals, such as professional athletes, coaches, entertainers, executives and other VIPs. These clients are looking for a lifestyle and amenities much different from the average homebuyer. The buying experience for Peters clients begins with being picked up at the airport in an exotic car and then whisked to a luxurious spa for a relaxing day of pampering, or to a private club for a round of golf. Once they are totally refreshed, they are ready to tour homes. How effective is the campaign? Peters did a controlled online test, with one listing showing the typical real estate pictures. Visitors to that listing stayed an average of 40 to 60 seconds. Visitors to the listing with lifestyle photos stayed an average of 4 to 6 minutes. Statistics suggest that the more time a potential buyer spends looking at a listing, the more likely they are to request a showing. Peters listings used to get three to four clicks a week, and now they get 10 to 20 a day.