The Article Gender Role Models - 896 Words

The article Gender Role Models ... who needs ‘em?! By Stephen Hicks encouraged me to reflect on my childhood gender roles as well as how I portray my gender roles today. After learning about the socialization theory I realize my parents were traditional towards gender roles and have incorporated multiple theories of human growth and development into my gender development. I have also learned how my gender roles have gradually transformed since I was a child. Therefore, this article has brought to my attention several feelings and thoughts about my past and how I was raised as well as how my gender roles have changed as I have developed. Throughout my childhood, my mother and father both contributed to my growth and development since birth, this lead me to believe having a mother and a father would lead to the best outcome in life. Socialization theory clearly represents how my family interacted with me when I was a child, for example â€Å"socialization theory suggests that o ne function of the family is to teach children the correct behaviors associated with their gender† (Hick, Pg. 45, 2008). I was continuously exposed to the correct behaviors for my gender and never any different. I was clothed in a gender specific wardrobe and only had the option to play with gender specific toys. My parents also enrolled me in gender specific sports; for example, I took gender specific dance lessons at the age of three. This showed me what was correct for my gender and what I should beShow MoreRelatedGender and Sex Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesWhen considering gender and sex, a layman’s idea of these terms might be very different than a sociologist’s. There is an important distinction: sex, in terms of being â€Å"male† or â€Å"female,† is purely the physical biological characteristic differences – primarily anatomical differences. (There are also rare cases of â€Å"intersexual† individuals as outlined in the Na varro article, â€Å"When Gender Isn’t a Given†.) Gender, on the other hand, is an often misconstrued concept that is commonly mistaken as synonymousRead MoreThe Importance Of Teacher Student Relationships And The Nsw Quality Teaching Model945 Words   |  4 Pageslens of the NSW Quality Teaching Model† article, is a Bachelor of Primary Education (second year), at the University of Wollongong, Australia. When this article was published online in February of 2012, Liberante articulated the effective importance of student-teacher relationship, utilizing the Quality Teaching Model. In the article, Liberante explored the effectiveness of teacher-student relationship through the three elements of the NSW Quality Teaching Model; Intellectual Quality, Quality LearningRead MoreToys as Role Models1114 Words   |  5 PagesToys as Role Models Judy Attfield, who holds a PhD in history and design, has written numerous articles in relation to design history. Her articles, often written in a formal and informative style, concentrate on parenting and family issues. Citing the differences in the maneuverability designs of Barbie and Action Man, which embody the stereotypical clichà © of feminine passivity and masculine activity respectively, â€Å"Barbie and Action Man: Adult toys for girls and boys, 1959-93† (P. Kirkham (EdRead MoreJournal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy1118 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: JOURNAL ARTICLES SUMMARY Journal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy Self-disclosure in Psychotherapy Supervisors: Gender Differences This journal article discusses the issue of self-disclosure in psychotherapy, which is greatly affected by the gender differences. The relationship between the supervisors and the trainees is very much dependent upon the relation of the two. Sometimes they become so familiar with each other that they get involve in sexual relationships, which isRead MoreGender Equality And Women s Rights1274 Words   |  6 Pages Women in the world still face discrimination and gender equality takes action to achieve women’s rights. AAUW provides and gives women the chance to have an education, while Catalyst reaches out to women to carry out equal pay, equal participation in the workplace, and remove discrimination. UN Women attains to human rights for women. Throughout history women have fought for gender equality in the workplace and in education, and every year organizations like AAUW, Catalyst, and UN Women haveRead MoreRoles And Bias Towards Women Nigeri Problems And Prospects Afric an Journal Of Political Science And International Relations896 Words   |  4 Pagesgot a lot of information as in some article that talks about the problem with roles and bias towards women Nigeria: Problems and prospects African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Nigerian women and their society. These women play a key role in the Nigerian society and help develop their society. This society allows women to stand up for the view and support women’s rights because they have women in government to represent them. This article also comperes the men and women inRead MoreEssay on How Do Gender Roles Get Portrayed in Disney Films?702 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction A. Definition of Gender Roles A gender role consists of characteristics that refer to a set of social and behavioral norms that are widely considered appropriate for either males or females. Gender roles are different throughout society and cultures. One gains gender roles unconsciously, consciously, or genetically due to cultural rules (Princeton). B. How film characters are seen by the audience Many people view women as weak in hopeless and males as strong and heroic in films. MaleRead MoreThe Deinstitutionalization Of Marriage And The Sanctification Of Gendered Marital Roles1316 Words   |  6 PagesCovenant marriage and the sanctification of gendered marital roles. Journal Of Family Issues, 30(2), 147-178. This article contains research on the deinstitutionalization of marriage and the changing gender roles by focusing on a unique group of marriages. The authors use quantitative and qualitative research data from previous studies. The article reveals that covenants are more traditional than standards across religious, marital, and gender attitudes. It discusses covenant-married couples as opposedRead MoreGender Socialization Through Toys and Sports1147 Words   |  5 PagesGender Socialization through Toys and Sports In today’s society, there are many guidelines of how one should act and be. Gender socialization is the process where people take on notions of gender roles, gender ideas and gender behaviours. At an early age, boys and girls are told how to behave and act according to societal norms of gender behaviours and roles. The comparison of Jane Smiley’s article â€Å"You Can Never Have too Many† and John McMurty’s , â€Å"Kill ‘Em! Crush ‘Em! Eat ‘Em Raw!† provides anRead MoreGender Roles Of Society : Analysis Of Emily Martins1185 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Society: Analysis of Emily Martins Essay In her article, Emily Martin discusses how society reshapes natural biological processes based on gender stereotypes. That these stereotypes believe that women’s biological processes are inferior to men and they are overall less worthy. Emily Martins goal in writing this article is to reveal the different gender stereotypes in regards to the scientific language of biology. And in return, she hopes to change the influence they have on the general

Analysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter - 1961 Words

Vital to the â€Å"A† The Scarlet Letter is a book complete of secrets and deceptions. The book teaches you about the difference about telling the truth or keeping it a secret. It shows you the challenges of both telling the truth and keeping a secret from everyone. There are many vital scenes throughout the book. With many of the scenes, if they weren’t in the book it would have had a completely different ending. The Scarlet Letter is a book full of eventful scenes that keep the book both exciting and interesting. One of many vital scenes in the book is when Hester is accused of adultery and sentenced to wear the scarlet â€Å"A† on her chest. This crucial scene takes place on the scaffold, Hester is holding Pearl awaiting to hear what her punishment for committing adultery. After hearing both Governor Bellingham and Reverend Dimmesdale discuss her and the mistakes, Hester was ready to obtain her punishment for not reviling the name of Pearl’s father. Because of this Dimmesdale decl ared that Hester must wear a scarlet â€Å"A† on the center of her chest. Hester was relived and disheartened. This was the scene that established the remainder of book. The usual punishment during the Puritans time for adultery was execution. So if Hester had been given the usual punishment for her crime, she would have died. This would have certainly changed the entire book, maybe there would even be a book! The book is about Hester living her life with the â€Å"A†. So if she died what would the book beShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2314 Words   |  10 PagesKatya Flaska American Literature Period 5 10 August 2014 The Scarlet Letter Book Analysis 1. The book is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn. The genre of the novel is historical fiction. 2. The preamble describes how the book came to be written. The narrator was a surveyor of the customhouse in Salem, where he discovered documents he used to write the story. He uncovered a manuscript with a scarlet â€Å"A†, which contained the events recorded by a previous surveyor in the 1600s. When the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1120 Words   |  5 Pages From the very first chapter, the Scarlet Letter guides readers on a journey that explores the darkness of the human heart and redemption from sin. It is in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that we introduced to a trio of characters interconnected by their sins: an adulteress, a minister and a physician. The adulteress is a woman named Hester Prynne who, as punishment for her transgressions, must wear a scarlet A on chest and is shunned by her community. Yet, Hester s eventual acceptance of herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1141 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Allison P#1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Scarlet Letter 2. Author and date of first publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. Hester Prynne- Hester Prynne, the protagonist and wearer of the scarlet letter, is a very independent, loving, intelligent, and at times depressed woman who is the mother of Pearl. b. Arthur Dimmesdale- Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of Pearl, is a reverend in town who is greatly honored forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1563 Words   |  7 PagesReading The Scarlet Letter again, I imagine Hester Prynne as she steps out of the Boston jail. She carries her out-of-wedlock baby in her arms but does not hide the A she wears on her breast. Her crime, though it will never be named in the book by more than an initial, is placed on exhibition. Yet she has converted the letter into her own statement by fantastic flourishes of gold embroidery. She is a mystery beyond the reach not only of her fellow Bostonians but also of the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, The Scarlet Letter, is about the struggle three people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of Boston, Massachusetts, while her husband, Chillingworth, w as back in Great Britain. Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town s priest, engage in the act of adultery and have a baby girl named Pearl, though only Hester knows that Dimmesdale is the father. She has promised Dimmesdale not to give up his identity. HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1404 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the scarlet letter, A, is an extended metaphor that symbolizes a multitude of things: adultery, sin, charity, righteousness, grace, and the danger of merely thinking symbolically. It also compares and contrasts the current states of Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Arthur Chillingworth. With this, it has a logical progression to the book’s ultimate conclusion. This section can be done in a bulleted format with brief (2-3 sentences) summaries by chapter if that works for the book. Chapter 1:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book,The Scarlet Letter, there are many questions that grab the reader’s attention. One of the most intriguing and thought ­provoking question is, â€Å"Is Hester Prynne a good mother and should she be allowed to keep Pearl?† This question does not have a simple yes or no answer, the reader must take into account many things the author mentions in the book. However, after careful consideration, one might find that Hester is not, in fact, a good mother, but should be allowed to keep Pearl. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1184 Words   |  5 PagesAs I began my summer reading assignment I wasn’t too amused at the beginning chapters of the â€Å"Scarlet Letter,† With Hawthorne throwing around words like â€Å"quietude† I wasn’t sure if it was truly the difference in his old English speech, or if he was tossing in obscure words just to send people looking through their dictionaries to find out if he had, in fact, made the word up, or not. But, as I delved deeper into Hawthorn’s work I found a brilliant story with some of the richest charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesand women was even more prominent and obvious during the antebellum era. In The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne there was Hester Prynne and in The Two Offers By Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, there was Janette Alston. Both of these women, rose above the rest, through adversity, hardship, and against all odds still came out on top, even during a time period that didn’t appreciate a strong woman. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne, was thrown in jail and forced to wear a symbol of her sin andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, Hawthorne

Business Type International Traveling Business - 1605 Words

mics of Business Final Project Professor Robert JIA YIN Part 1 Business Type - International traveling business. 2. List the services provided by your business (be specific) College base tour route: For students who are willing to attend University in the United States in the future, this tour will provide them chances to visit their dream school first; Test Center base tour route: For students who are willing to take TOEFL and IELTS test in the United States, Global Journey will provide service to apply test for them online - Summer camps in America for high school students from China Personalized traveling plans to fulfill individual clients’ needs; (Choose your own tour route and hotel etc., tour guides are included) 3. What is the value-add that your business’ product(s) or service(s) provides to your potential customers (i.e. why would customers want to buy these from your business) that is different from the value-add of other similar businesses? - Unique product (Specialized traveling packages) and service that will build and maintain customer loyalty. 4.The name of your business - Global Journey, Ltd. 5.Your business’ mission statement - To provide customized traveling and application services for international students that are interested in attending u.s high schools and universities. 6.Your business’ vision statement for 2018? - To capture 10% to 15% of market shares in Yunnan Province, China. 7.Your business’ goals over next three years: To have moreShow MoreRelatedMy First Trip At High School929 Words   |  4 Pagesas a country. My final trip, and the trip I had finally realized I wanted to major in International Business, was to England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In these countries, I didn’t realize the amount of poverty they had as well. This helped reassure my belief that I wanted to have a job that had to do with traveling in order to find ways to help make a difference. I am now majoring in International Business to continue to travel and learn ways to help. My personal goals are to visit differentRead MoreMy First Trip At High School971 Words   |  4 Pagescountry. My final trip, and the trip I had finally realized I wanted to major in International Business, was to England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In these countries, I learned of the amount of poverty they had as well. This helped reassure my belief that I wanted to find a career that had to do with traveling back to these countries in order to find ways to help make a difference. I am now majoring in International Business to continue to travel and learn ways to help. My personal goals are to visitRead MoreMotivations In International Tourism1127 Words   |  5 PagesIn the international tourism industry, the tourist is the consumer. An individual must be traveling outside of his or her home country for a period of time lasting less than one year (Socci, 2016). The consumer group encompasses several different segments, as tourism is not limited to leisure. Rather, there are several motivations for traveling abroad and partaking in international tourism. Motivations for traveling internationally include leisure, business, family matters, and seeking of medicalRead MoreWest Jet Case Study1701 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees * Expanding year by year and adding more traveling destinations which include the United States and popular sun-destinations * Added more advanced, next generation, aircrafts * Set goals for 2016 to be 1 out of 5 most successful airlines in the world * Offer great customer service experience at great value, which will essentially attract more customers and help build on their goals of 2016 * Uses 1 aircraft type which is the Boeing 737; This reduces maintenance and trainingRead MoreThe United Arab Emirate s Hotspot Destination895 Words   |  4 Pagesto safely travel and get back, what one should do while travelling with children, researching about where to stay, how to stay safe and secure, what to wear, what and how to pack and much, much more. This chapter will introduce and acquaint the international traveler with the various aspects that one needs to research and take care of when one plans for a trip to Dubai. A Brief History Located on a natural harbor, Dubai began as a small fishing village. In 1833, it was overtaken by the Al Maktum rulingRead MorePorters Five Forces Model the Airline Industry1383 Words   |  6 PagesForces Model amp; the Airline Industry Robert Warren 6/11/2011 Abstract Having conducted research on Porter’s Five Forces Model and the current business climate of the airline industry, I will be analyzing the industry using the Five Forces Model. Porter’s Five Forces model is a highly recognized framework for the analysis of business strategy. Five forces are derived from the model that attempts to determine the competitive intensity, competitive environment and overall attractivenessRead MoreDoes Tourism Benefit Less Developing Countries?1338 Words   |  6 PagesDoes tourism benefit less developing countries? Traveling is the word makes many people exited. People can do domestic travel or international travel to refresh and escape their everyday lives. International travel becomes a big business as the world globalized. Tourism means the activity of traveling to a place for pleasure; the business of providing hotels, restaurant, entertainment†¦etc for people who are traveling. Tourism becomes an important industry on globalized world. It attracts a millionsRead MoreEssay On Rica Business1610 Words   |  7 Pages Business Conduct in Costa Rica Costa Rica is located right above South America bordered by Nicaragua, Panama, the Caribbean Sea, and the South Pacific Ocean. Costa Rica was once a calm place to retire, but once more and more people started retiring with less money, they realized that living in Costa Rica cost less overall. Therefore, with such an increase in foreign business, the business life of Costa Rica also changed. Make sure setting up a business in Costa Rica is a good choice. The levelRead MoreThe Impact Of Air Travel On Southwest And The Airline Industry1363 Words   |  6 Pages There have been few inventions to change how people live and experience the world considerably as the creation of the airplane. Today, traveling by air has become the norm and it would be difficult to imagine life without it. Air travel has improved the way people are able to conduct business by shortening travel time and changing their thought of distance. The companies within the airline industry exist in a very competitive market. One of those companies, Southwest Airlines, features low-fareRead MoreHotel Business : A Hospitality Business That Focuses On Accommodations, Food And Beverage, And Types Of Amenities1491 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to do Hilton Hotels which is a Hospitality business that focuses on accommodations, food and beverage, and different types of amenities. Hilton Hotels are an example of Commercial Recreation because they have the intent on making a profit. (Crossley, 2001). Hilton Hotels was founded in 1919 by Conrad Hilton. Conrad was always a hard worker; he served on a state legislature board in New Mexico and fought in World War I before ever getting into his hospitality career. Inspired by the advice

Summary Of The Autobiography Of Malcolm X Haley And...

Summaries for Laura: Excerpts from â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† Haley and Handler state â€Å"Yes, I will pull off that liberal’s halo that he spends such efforts cultivating! The North’s Liberals have been for song pointing accusing fingers at the South and getting away with it that they have fists when they are exposed as the world’s worst hypocrites (Haley and Handler, 271).† This quote is used for the authors to mention that their belief that their life mirrors this hypocrisy, they know nothing about the South and are a creating of the Northern white man and of his hypocritical attitude toward the Negro. The authors make another good point about America’s most dangerous and threatening black man, which is the one who has been kept†¦show more content†¦This point was stated because all this has helped this American white man to build up, absolute conviction that he is â€Å"superior.† The authors then ask, â€Å"i n how many, many communities have, thus, white men who didn’t finish high school regarded condescendingly university-educated local Negro â€Å"leaders,† principals of schools, teachers, doctors, or other professionals (Haley and Handler, 274).?† The white man’s system has been imposed upon non-white people all over the world and is the reason why wherever people who are anything but white, live in this world today, the white man’s governments are finding themselves in deeper and deeper trouble and PERIL. Existentially Surplus: Women of Color Feminism and the New Crises of Capitalism Hong references Moraga in this article from a critical perspective. For instance, because Moraga is a lesbian and thus, in her view, unable to continue the family line through reproduction, she is given a kind of vision: the gift and burden of being unable to ignore a dying generation by turning her attention to the newly birthed, by celebrating the fact family â€Å"increases in number.† Hong references Lisa Tatonetti, who argues that Moraga’s association of lesbianism with loss in The Last Generation, reproduces the notion of

Location Matters Free Essays

Twenty-five cent lemonade stands have cornered the market in beverage sales in neighborhoods across America. Lemonade stand â€Å"franchisers† have figured out that cute kids on sunny days with cool beverages in convenient corner locations can bring in pretty decent revenue. Unfortunately for them, their market is limited†¦to those within walking distance of the lemonade stand and those who happen to be driving through the neighborhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Location Matters or any similar topic only for you Order Now Deciding where to run a business can be a pretty daunting task. There are six areas in which a businessperson can choose to operate his business, and the final decision will have a great impact on its success. Among locations from which to choose are central business districts (CBD), neighborhood locations, malls and shopping centers, near competitors, outlying areas, and home offices. Considering what the â€Å"type† of business is, the target market and the area surrounding the prospective location are all factors that will assist in determining where the best place to operate will be. Central Business Districts are located in the heart of a city, and are usually referred to as â€Å"downtown† in America (Wikipedia, 2006). One advantage to operating a business in a CBD is exposure, due to being surrounded by an assortment of retailers and services, allowing people who are not necessarily a target market to become aware of the business. However, disadvantages such as saturation, traffic and costs of purchasing a space could outweigh advantages, depending on the type of business (Leposky, 2005). Neighborhood locations offer a more intimate setting for a business’s customer base. Away from the hustle and bustle of CBD’s, neighborhood locations generally offer lower rental rates, more support from neighboring businesses and assist in adding vitality to surrounding neighborhoods . Malls and shopping centers offer locations which are usually equipped with fixtures, on-site maintenance, and  assistance with marketing. Conversely, these locations often charge steeply for space. For some businesses, such as McDonalds and Burger King, operating near competitors has proven success. This type of local provides choice for consumers, and the opportunity to shine for the business†¦but lack of performance could win business for the competitor. Conveniently, operating in an outlying area allows rest in the matter of competition. However, â€Å"inconvenience† also has the opportunity to slow business. Home-based operations are becoming more and more popular these days. Advantages such as low overhead, more time with family and, of course, no commute are among the factors leading to the growing transition from business office to home office (Pratt, 2006). But operating from home sometimes projects un-professionalism, constant interruptions and the inconvenience of friends and family assuming that you are always available. Setting up shop just â€Å"anywhere† is not as easy as it seems. There is a strategy to choosing a location, and a business owner’s final decision could make or break his business. Each one of the locations offer benefits as well as challenges, but ultimately, the saying â€Å"location, location, location† holds true†¦ success will not find the business whose location is amiss. References: Choosing a Business Location. (2005) Ampersand Communications: Leposky, G. March 2007. www.members.aol.com/amprsnd/location.html Definition of Central Business District. (2006) Wikimedia, Inc.: Wikipedia Writing Staff. March 2007. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_business_district The Impact of Location on Net Income: A Comparison of Home based and Non-Home based Sole Proprietors. (May 2006) SBA Office of Advocacy: Pratt, J. March 2007. www.sba.gov/advo/research/rs275.pdf       How to cite Location Matters, Essay examples

The Impact of Communication in Everyday life free essay sample

What type of communication are there in your organization? Media for communication Types of communication Barriers of communication Tips for overcoming barriers Personal life communication/barriers/overcoming barriers Educational institution/ Recommendation/betterment/suggestion Effective communication in organizations involves a commitment from the top down to communicate effectively. Its as simpleand as complexas that. Organizations that communicate effectively expect strong communication from managers to employees, provide training and coaching to managers to help build their ommunication skills, have ample communication tools for use by managers and employees, and measure the effectiveness of their communication efforts. Communication From Managers to Employees When senior leaders and managers in an organization are held accountable for effective communication, the difference will be measurable. Setting the stage for managers to communicate with employees openly and honestly can make a big difference. Managers who are effective communicators should be recognized and rewarded, those who are not should receive the appropriate feedback and asked to make improvements. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Communication in Everyday life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not all managers are automatically equipped with the skills they need to be effective communicators. For effective communication in organizations, managers need to have access to training and coaching to first understand the communication expectations the organization has of them and to improve skills when necessary. Training can be one-on-one, in classroom settings and increasingly online or through webinars. A wide range of training materials and information is available at little and sometimes at nocost. Communication Tools Years ago face-to-face communication was the only option for organizations. Today many options exist ranging from face-to-face, which is still the most effective form of communication, to telephone, to email to online forums and social media. Organizations should ensure that managers and employees are aware of the tools available to them and how to use them effectively. Communication Effectiveness The old phrase you cant manage what you cant measure is especially true when it comes to communication. Effective communication in organizations involves first establishing a baseline for performance, then identifying areas for improvement, hen implementing improvement actions and then measuring again. Its a cycle that should be repeated regularly and the information attained should be shared widely with managers and employees alike. Honesty Even During Tough Times Even during tough times organizations must be committed to open and honest communication. Sometimes they are Judged most harshly by employees during these times so a commitment to sharing information, even when the information is negative, can go a long way toward establishing a foundation of solid communication and trust. Communication Strategies in an Effective Organization Communication is a critical function in organizations, from the very small to the very large. Even one-to-one communications can be fraught with challenges and misunderstandings. By communicating purposefully and focusing on results and relationships, businesses can leverage effective communication strategies to generate solid results with multiple audiences. An open communication environment is one in which all members of the organization feel free to share feedback, ideas and even criticism at every level. Leaders who are committed to open communication build an environment of trust that can be the foundation for success. Inclusive An inclusive communication strategy is one in which explicit steps are taken to ensure that all employees feel they are involved in decisions that affect their day-to- day work. Organizations with a secretive communication environment shut people out, which can stifle involvement and result in lost ideas and opportunities. Employee involvement is a key factor that affects employee satisfaction and success. Two-Way Communication should never be one-wayeither from the top-down or the bottom- up. Effective communication strategies involve two-way communication, or conversations, between members of the organization. Companies whose managers successfully engage employees in conversations about their work, their ideas and their perspectives on issues related to products, services, customers and the business environment develop a culture of inclusiveness that generates results. Results-Driven Business communication should be results-driven and strategically focused on achieving measurable results. Organizations need to think about what employees need to know to do their Jobs effectively, to interact with customers effectively and to serve as ambassadors outside of the organization. Effective communication isnt Just ice to do; its need to do. Multi-channeled Effective organizational communicators know that messages need to be delivered multiple times in multiple ways to have the most impact. Employee communication needs and preferences differ, different messages require different methods and busy business environments can mean that messages get lost. Using multiple channels to communicate with various audiences will increase the odds that communications are received and understood. Secret to Effective Communication in Organizations Effective communication in organizations requires, first, the recognition that ommunication is critical and, second, a commitment to ensuring that everybody in the organization from the top down has the skills, tools and resources to communicate effectively. Commitment from the Top If there is one big secret to effective communication in organizations, it is that the commitment must come from the top. The CEO and senior leadership team set the expectation for effective communication through their commitment to open, honest and timely communication. Their actions, behaviors and messages send a strong message to employees about the tone and tenor of communication in the organization. Without commitment from the top, even the most skilled of corporate communicators will be unsuccessful. Positive Role Models Direct supervisors and managers have the greatest influence and impact on employees. Managers who are trained in the use of effective communication with employees and who serve as positive role models make a strong impression. Employees will emulate the style and tone in communication that they receive from their managers. Trainingwhether in-person, online or through resources such as books and Journal articlesis essential. Few people are natural communicators; they eed training and education to help them improve their communication skills. Clear Expectations for Employees Organizations should not assume that employees will know whats expected of them when it comes to communicating with each other, their subordinates or managers. Clear expectations conveyed in policies, handbooks and through direct communications can help employees avoid innocent mistakes that dont reflect company culture. Many rules of communication are unstated. For instance, is it 0K for employees to go directly to department heads or their boss boss with comments or questions? Is email preferred over face-to-face, or vice versa? The answers to these simple questions can help communication flow smoothly and avoid unnecessary misperceptions and frustrations. Multiple Tools to Meet Varied Needs Because employees generally work in varying types of environments and have different Jobs requirements and expectations, multiple options for communicating with and receiving communication from colleagues, managers and subordinates is important. Todays technology allows companies to offer both traditionalin-person, telephone and newsletterand online options for communicating with employees, as ell as for two-way communication. Alignment and Consistency in Messages who hear different messages from supervisors than through company communicationsfor example, in newsletters or intranet siteswill be at best confused and, at worst, disillusioned. Carefully planned communications take into consideration both the order and timing of communication to ensure that the right people hear the message first and to ensure that the right, and consistent, message flows effectively from the top to the bottom of the organization. How Can Communication Barriers Affect Organizations? Effective communication is integral to the success of any organization. This is especially true in smaller organizations that usually rely on a smaller workforce to produce results. Top-down, horizontal and bottom-up communication flows are all important as every level of the small business needs to function with consistent objectives, strategies and focus. Inaction One of the biggest effects of communication barriers in businesses is that it causes employees to fail to deliver on requested directives. According to Better Communication Results CEO Lee Hopkins, a weak delivery of a message can cause the ntended receiver to fail to act. This weakness can mean the receiver is uncertain about the request. Often, it can mean the sender has failed to present the request in a way that motivates the receiver to take immediate action and perform up to par. Misinterpretation Misinterpreted messages are also an effect of communication barriers in many large and small businesses. While this can stem from poor communication efforts by the message sender, the Management Study Guide website also discusses two common barriers that can lead to misinterpretation. Language and communication differences re common as companies become more diverse. Additionally, noises and distractions in the work environment can cause confusion during the reception and interpretation of messages. Bad Work Relationships Several common communication barriers can lead to disengaged and even conflicting relationships among colleagues, or between supervisors and subordinates. However, a barrier commonly tied to this negative affect is emotions. When a workplace becomes overly affected by the emotional state of one, a few or several workers, in can significantly affect the ability of people to work together. A supervisor who routinely expresses negative emotions can overwhelm workers. Co-workers who routinely project emotional outbursts can create hostile working relationships. Improperly structured organizations and communication processes and several other common barriers can ultimately contribute to an environment in which employees generally lack knowledge about the company, its products and their Jobs. This can contribute to poor production, creativity and results within the organization. It can also lead to poor communication and ineffective results during interactions with lients or customers. Top management should take on the responsibility of making certain each employee has knowledge to do his Job. Main Barriers to Communication There are many barriers to communication that exist in any organization, but some are more pervasive and more common than others. Barriers can be environmental or personal and may include such things as noise (real or internal), bias, cultural differences or even differences in roles, or levels of authority, within the organization. Noise Noise can be either internal or external. Internal noise represents the internal self- alking that we all do, such as thinking about things that need to be done, wondering about what the other person is thinking about, or thinking about what well do when we go home for the evening. Our internal contemplations can keep us from being entirely focused on the conversations were involved in at that moment. In addition to internal noise, we can also be impacted by external noise, or literally the noise around us. External noise can include other conversations, traffic noise or anything that interferes with our ability to maintain focus. Culture Culture can be a significant impact on communication. Some cultures are open and supportive of input from employees and a two-way flow of communication. Other cultures are more top-down; leaders convey messages but dont seek out input from staff, or often even customers. Culture can represent a barrier to communication when it keeps communication from happening or when employees communicate the information and input they feel they are expected to communicate, and not what they really believe. Role Role conflicts can create barriers to communication in organizations, particularly when they involve interactions between subordinates and superiors. Regardless of ow open managers and senior leaders believe they are to employee input, employees are often hesitant to share their honest insights, especially when those Management for Small Business, says that small businesses are in a better position to deal with this barrier since relationships between employees and business owners can be more casual and less hindered by bureaucracy than in larger organizations. Bias Whether we recognize it or not, we all suffer from various biases. These biases can interfere with communication both when were sending and receiving messages. Biases can be based on our preconceived beliefs (e. . millenials dont respond well to criticism) or based on impressions we form of people as we interact with them. When communicating with others, its important to be aware of, and to work to overcome, these biases. While misinterpretation may happen most commonly in email interactions, it can also occur over the phone or in face-to-face conversations. When interacting with others, we may Jump to conclusions or misinterpret something theyve said. These misinterpretations then color our own responses and beliefs. It is important to be sure that the meaning behind your communication is clearly and accurately nderstood. When in doubt, ask for clarification. How Communication Barriers Impact Organizations Communication barriers are frequent occurrences in any organization, and small businesses are no exception. Sometimes, the barrier is subtle and only mildly disruptive. For example, perhaps a supervisor has difficulty motivating her team because of the geographic distance among team members. Other times, barriers create a breakdown of the company, as was the case with the lack of transparency and truthfulness between Enron and its shareholders. Communication impediments can affect a small business in several ways. Identification Communication barriers include any breakdown or impediment that concerns relaying information. Such communication may occur between workers or within a structural system. One example of a barrier is a lack of trust between a manager and her subordinates. This inhibits the open relaying of information, thereby creating the potential for differing expectations and misunderstandings. Barriers may also prove more tangible, such as an antiquated ordering system that fails to update deliveries in real time. This impediment would prevent streamlined communication among departments within an organization. Vision and Mission Kathleen Rhodes, author of the book, Business Communication: Process and Product, explains weak language skills, confusing the message by using different words to mean the same thing and physical distractions all inhibit the free flow of information. Overcoming these barriers requires the management team to hold company-wide meetings, infuse employee orientations with the groups mission and welcome feedback at all levels of the organizational chart. Working through communication issues improves the likelihood that employees will be satisfied with the companys goals. Employees disinterested in the overall success of the company because of poor communication are more inclined to pursue other work opportunities and will probably take little interest in improving their skill sets. Customer Service Communication barriers can devastate a companys customer service division. These barriers include dismissive, rude employees, poor customer service ordering techniques and failure to relay order information to the appropriate parties such as delivery warehouse employees and the accounting team. In her book, Customer Communications, Maggie Jones explains that overcoming communication barriers inges on decoding the customers information successfully. Jones explains how gaps occur when groups make erroneous assumptions about the decoding process. For instance, a customer may assume the package will arrive in less than a week, whereas the representative knows deliveries typically arrive in two weeks. This lack of communication can create frustration and customer dissatisfaction. Production The production process may suffer due to communication barriers within an organization. Charles McConnell, author of the book, Management Principles for Health Professionals, states that formal and informal communication processes may mpact production. Whereas formal communication explains the process in training manuals, directives and bulletins, informal communication relates to rumors and information that may or may not be true, but is nonetheless passed between workers. Barriers in communication can create inefficient production or even Jarring halts in work flow. For instance, if a group of employees believe they may lose their jobs, yet they receive no information from the management team, their fear could transform into apathy and disinterest. insights may be perceived as critical. Lin Grensing-pophal, author of Employee